This study aims to identify the factors influencing participation in HIV testing of urban
local government employees in Botswana using components of the Health Belief Model (HBM)
as the theoretical framework. Data was collected from a random sample of 200 using a selfadministered
questionnaire. About 65% of the respondents reported having tested for HIV with
the rate of testing for females and males being approximately 72% and 56% respectively.
Separate prediction models with the HBM variables were determined for females and males.
Perception of susceptibility and benefits explained 43% of the variance for males but had
limited predictive value for females where factors other than those identified or measured
in the study influenced the testing decision. Barriers, which primarily measured stigma and
discrimination and operated differently for females and males, did not make a significant
contribution to the prediction models. The results suggest that barriers functioned both as an outcome
and an inhibitor of the testing decision. The conclusion reached was that the constructs of the
HBM had limited explanatory value. Different research approaches are required to interrogate the
complex social and cultural issues influencing the experience of stigma and discrimination. The
practical implications indicated that interventions should target promoting a realistic awareness
of risk and reducing the fear of stigma and discrimination.