Measuring Brain Drain by Gender 1990-2000
Afghanistan, Angola, Albania...and 182 more, 1990 - 2000
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WLD_2000_MBDG_v01_M
Measuring Brain Drain by Gender 1990-2000
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Afghanistan | AFG |
| Angola | AGO |
| Albania | ALB |
| Andorra | AND |
| United Arab Emirates | ARE |
| Argentina | ARG |
| Armenia | ARM |
| Antigua and Barbuda | ATG |
| Australia | AUS |
| Austria | AUT |
| Azerbaijan | AZE |
| Burundi | BDI |
| Belgium | BEL |
| Benin | BEN |
| Burkina Faso | BFA |
| Bulgaria | BGR |
| Bahrain | BHR |
| Bahamas, The | BHS |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | BIH |
| Bolivia | BOL |
| Brazil | BRA |
| Barbados | BRB |
| Bhutan | BTN |
| Botswana | BWA |
| Central African Republic | CAF |
| Canada | CAN |
| Switzerland | CHE |
| Chile | CHL |
| China | CHN |
| China | CHN |
| China | CHN |
| Cameroon | CMR |
| Congo, Rep. | COG |
| Congo, Rep. | COG |
| Colombia | COL |
| Comoros | COM |
| Cabo Verde | CPV |
| Costa Rica | CRI |
| Cuba | CUB |
| Cyprus | CYP |
| Czech Republic | CZE |
| Germany | DEU |
| Djibouti | DJI |
| Dominica | DMA |
| Denmark | DNK |
| Dominican Republic | DOM |
| Algeria | DZA |
| Ecuador | ECU |
| Egypt, Arab Rep. | EGY |
| Spain | ESP |
| Estonia | EST |
| Ethiopia | ETH |
| Finland | FIN |
| Fiji | FJI |
| France | FRA |
| Micronesia, Fed. Sts. | FSM |
| Gabon | GAB |
| United Kingdom | GBR |
| Georgia | GEO |
| Ghana | GHA |
| Guinea | GIN |
| Gambia, The | GMB |
| Guinea-Bissau | GNB |
| Equatorial Guinea | GNQ |
| Greece | GRC |
| Grenada | GRD |
| Guatemala | GTM |
| Guyana | GUY |
| Honduras | HND |
| Croatia | HRV |
| Haiti | HTI |
| Hungary | HUN |
| Indonesia | IDN |
| India | IND |
| Ireland | IRL |
| Iran, Islamic Rep. | IRN |
| Iraq | IRQ |
| Iceland | ISL |
| Israel | ISR |
| Italy | ITA |
| Jamaica | JAM |
| Jordan | JOR |
| Japan | JPN |
| Kazakhstan | KAZ |
| Kenya | KEN |
| Kyrgyz Republic | KGZ |
| Cambodia | KHM |
| Kiribati | KIR |
| St. Kitts and Nevis | KNA |
| Kuwait | KWT |
| Lao PDR | LAO |
| Lebanon | LBN |
| Liberia | LBR |
| Libya | LBY |
| St. Lucia | LCA |
| Liechtenstein | LIE |
| Sri Lanka | LKA |
| Lesotho | LSO |
| Lithuania | LTU |
| Luxembourg | LUX |
| Latvia | LVA |
| Morocco | MAR |
| Monaco | MCO |
| Moldova | MDA |
| Madagascar | MDG |
| Maldives | MDV |
| Mexico | MEX |
| Marshall Islands | MHL |
| North Macedonia | MKD |
| Mali | MLI |
| Malta | MLT |
| Myanmar | MMR |
| Mongolia | MNG |
| Mozambique | MOZ |
| Mauritania | MRT |
| Mauritius | MUS |
| Malawi | MWI |
| Malaysia | MYS |
| Namibia | NAM |
| Niger | NER |
| Nigeria | NGA |
| Nicaragua | NIC |
| Netherlands | NLD |
| Norway | NOR |
| Nepal | NPL |
| Nauru | NRU |
| New Zealand | NZL |
| Oman | OMN |
| Pakistan | PAK |
| Panama | PAN |
| Peru | PER |
| Philippines | PHL |
| Palau | PLW |
| Papua New Guinea | PNG |
| Poland | POL |
| Portugal | PRT |
| Paraguay | PRY |
| Qatar | QAT |
| Romania | ROU |
| Russian Federation | RUS |
| Rwanda | RWA |
| Saudi Arabia | SAU |
| Sudan | SDN |
| Senegal | SEN |
| Singapore | SGP |
| Solomon Islands | SLB |
| Sierra Leone | SLE |
| El Salvador | SLV |
| San Marino | SMR |
| Somalia | SOM |
| Sao Tome and Principe | STP |
| Suriname | SUR |
| Slovak Republic | SVK |
| Slovenia | SVN |
| Sweden | SWE |
| Eswatini | SWZ |
| Seychelles | SYC |
| Syrian Arab Republic | SYR |
| Chad | TCD |
| Togo | TGO |
| Thailand | THA |
| Tajikistan | TJK |
| Turkmenistan | TKM |
| Timor-Leste | TLS |
| Tonga | TON |
| Trinidad and Tobago | TTO |
| Tunisia | TUN |
| Turkiye | TUR |
| Tuvalu | TUV |
| Taiwan, China | TWN |
| Tanzania | TZA |
| Uganda | UGA |
| Ukraine | UKR |
| Uruguay | URY |
| United States | USA |
| Uzbekistan | UZB |
| Venezuela, RB | VEN |
| Vietnam | VNM |
| Vanuatu | VUT |
| West Bank and Gaza | WBG |
| Samoa | WSM |
| Yemen, Rep. | YEM |
| South Africa | ZAF |
| Zambia | ZMB |
| Serbia and Montenegro | SCG |
Macroeconomics - Indicators
This dataset, a product of the Trade Team - Development Research Group, is part of a larger effort in the group to measure the extent of the brain drain as part of the International Migration and Development Program. It measures international skilled migration by gender.
The methodology is explained in: A gendered assessment of the brain drain, F. Docquier, L. Lowell, and A. Marfouk, Policy Research Discussion Paper (forthcoming), World Bank. 2007.
This data set updates and extends the Docquier-Marfouk data set on international migration by educational attainment. The authors use new sources, homogenize definitions of what a migrant is, and compute gender-disaggregated indicators of the brain drain. Emigration stocks and rates are provided by level of schooling and gender for 195 source countries in 1990 and 2000. This data set can be used to capture the recent trend in women’s skilled migration and to analyze its causes and consequences for developing countries.
Aggregate data [agg]
Scope
The dataset includes indicators related to:
- Migration stock
- Migration rate
- Native labor force
- Resident labor force
Producers and sponsors
| Name |
|---|
| Frédéric Docquier and B. Lindsay Lowell |
Data collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 1990 | 2000 |
| Start date | End date |
|---|---|
| 1990 | 2000 |
Data Access
Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download
Example:
Frédéric Docquier et al. Measuring Brain Drain by Gender (MBDG) 1990-2000. Ref. WLD_2000_MBDG_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from http://microdata.worldbank.org on [date].
Disclaimer and copyrights
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Development Research Group | World Bank | research@worldbank.org | http://go.worldbank.org/B9W4QTDHR0 |
Metadata production
DDI_WLD_2000_MBDG_v02_M
2010-09-14
Metadata version
DDI Document - Version 02 - (04/21/21)
This version is identical to DDI_WLD_2000_MBDG_v01_M but country field has been updated to capture all the countries covered by survey.
Version 01 (September 2010)