Household Survey for Indigenous Peoples in the Philippines 2023
Philippines, 2023
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PHL_2023_HSIP_v01_M
Household Survey for Indigenous Peoples in the Philippines 2023
HSIP 2023
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Philippines | PHL |
Other Household Survey [hh/oth]
Estimated at 10 to 20 percent of the 109 million population in Philippines, Indigenous Peoples (IPs) are among the poorest and most marginalized, although they live in regions with vast natural resources. The lack of representation of IPs in official surveys and administrative data prevents an accurate assessment of their living conditions and the socio-economic challenges they face. This silences their voice, obscures state accountability towards them, and limits their agency to take on a more active role in society. The few available data and anecdotal evidence reveal that IPs face important inequalities of opportunity in several human development dimensions, which are likely aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the extent of these inequalities is not well understood, due to scant data and research on IPs. The lack of surveys with information on ethnicity has also made it difficult to examine the type and extent of inequalities among and within ethnic groups in the country, as well as the impact of intersectionality with gender, disability, and place of residence on their inclusion. This represents a significant challenge when creating public policy at the national level or poverty reduction programs at the local level, as IPs remain unnoticed, unaccounted for, and ultimately deprived of their rights and any real benefit.
Therefore, reliable data on IPs is urgently needed, particularly in this COVID-19 era where IPs can be disproportionately disadvantaged due to legacies of inequality and exclusion. Hence, to collect data and inform evidence-based policy/decision making to better target the needs of IPs, the World Bank commissioned this first ever IP-specific household (HH) survey in Philippines to Philippine Survey and Research Center, Inc. (PSRC).
The main objective of this quantitative household survey is to improve the current understanding about the Indigenous Peoples (IPs) population in the Philippines, and eventually, craft strategies when addressing inequality or representation of the group. Specifically, the study aims to:
- Collect as much data and inform evidence-based policy/decision making to better target the needs of IPs;
- Gauge a better view/understanding of the IPs’ poverty, socio-economic condition and the exercise of their rights;
- Add current knowledge into the ongoing World Bank Advisory Services and Analytics on the Indigenous Peoples of the Philippines.
Sample survey data [ssd]
Indigenous Peoples (IPs) and Non-Indigenous Peoples (NIPs) with the following specifications:
• Male/Female
• 18 years old and above
Version
Version 01: Edited, anonymized dataset for public distribution.
2023-12-31
Scope
The study covered the following topics:
- Household demographics
- Education and literacy
- Health
- Economic characteristics
- Access to services
- Land, ancestral domains, agriculture, housing and essential services
- Mobility, displacement, and migration
- Poverty and hunger (subjective assessment)
- Discrimination, conflict and victimization
- Access and sources of information
- Community and social cohesion
- Human rights
- Gender
- Agreement statements
Coverage
Selected IP areas in the Philippines
Producers and sponsors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Carlos Perez-Brito | The World Bank Group |
| Nadia Belhaj Belghith | The World Bank Group |
| Sharon Faye Piza | The World Bank Group |
| Jose Antonio Leiva | The World Bank Group |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Philippine Survey and Research Center, Inc | Private Vendor | Survey collection, supervision, and quality control |
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| The World Bank Group | Funder |
Sampling
Stratified multi-stage area probability sampling was employed as follows:
• Stratification: The sample was stratified by region and by locale (i.e., urban/rural)
• First Stage: Independent random selection of PSUs (barangays) within the strata
• Second Stage: Selection of SSUs (households) within the sampled PSUs
A household is defined as a social unit consisting of a person or a group of persons who sleep in the same housing unit and have a common arrangement in the preparation and consumption of food. Household is often comprised of individuals related by blood . Other members of households not related to the household head by blood such as helper, borders, and non relatives can be included as member of the household as long they prepare and consume food together and do not go home to the fa mily more than once in a week.
The domain was the Philippines’ 17 administrative regions. Using the Indigenous Peoples (IP) household population from the 2020 Census, the following information were computed:
• Proportion of IP household population from Census for each region
• Proportion of each region out of total IP household population
To manage cost and timings, sampling coverage was focused on regions greater than or about 3% from both information above and IP household population of at least 250,000. The 2,400 sample was then split into these regions to arrive at the desired area cuts:
• CAR
• Other Selected Luzon Regions (Cagayan Valley, MIMAROPA)
• Western Visayas
• Other Mindanao Regions (Zamboanga Peninsula, Northern Mindanao, Davao, SOCCSKSARGEN, CARAGA)
• BARMM
From the sample of 2,400, there were 240 PSUs across the 10 covered regions. The 240 PSUs covered were split proportionately across the 10 regions using the IP household population. The table below shows the sampling breakdown at regional level.
To achieve 2,400 completed interviews, 12,131 households were approached/ knocked. Of the 12,131 households knocked, 2,273 refused, 3,028 gave no reply or door locked, and 4,430 were not eligible given the specific requirements that we were looking for. The response rate among eligible interviews is 51%. Response rate is higher in Luzon and lowest in Mindanao.
Weights were applied to the data to reflect the IP household population and Non-IP household population from IP areas. The weights variable used were the selected regions and locale. The population figures came from the 2020 Census of Population and Housing data.
Weights was computed as the ratio of the population figure and the sample.
Survey instrument
Available in the English language but conducted in either English or Tagalog
Data collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2023-04-25 | 2023-05-25 |
- Face-to-face [f2f]
| Name | Affiliation | Abbreviation |
|---|---|---|
| Philippine Survey and Research Center, Inc | Private Vendor | PSRC |
During the conduct of actual interviews, the enumerators were closely supervised by the group leaders and field supervisors on their conduct of interviews specifically when it comes to area coverage, household and respondent selection, and manner of interviewing. Monitoring happened on the ground and through constant communication via text messages and call. A group chat was also created for each field team so that they can easily raise any concern/ clarification with the group leader/ field supervisor.
Out of the 2,400 completed interviews, 878 (37%) were backchecked and 389 (16%) were observed/spot-checked. Back checking involved verifying if the respondent chosen was as sampled, if the respondent exists, if the number contacted is valid, and if the conduct of interview was complete and successfully done.
The households to be interviewed were selected through quota sampling procedure. In each PSU, sample households were selected using a random starting point, following predetermined routes. The enumerators on the other hand, worked in pairs wherein one was assigned to interview IP households and the other one for Non-IP households.
To ensure spread across IP and non-IP households in each map, ten (10) random starting points were generated, i.e., 5 for IP and 5 for non-IP. The maps were generated using the Business Mapper software of PSRC. If the map was not available in Business Mapper, PSRC used Google Maps. If the map was still not available in Google Maps, the Field Enumerators approached the barangay to ask for a map. Consultation with the barangay was also done if the location of the random starting points is unclear.
A random number 1-10 was chosen and indicated on the map for the starting house. Thus, if the random start number is 6, the 6th house from the random starting point is the starting house. Upon knocking on the door, the enumerator asked how many households are living in that housing unit. If there were more than one household, the names of the household heads were asked and once established, a random selection using simple random sampling (SRS) via the survey program’s (SurveyToGo) randomization feature was used.
Once a household is selected and available for interview, the names, sex, and age of all members of the household were collected. A simple random sampling (SRS) using the survey program’s (SurveyToGo) randomization feature was used among all household members aged 18 and above. From there, the generated member of the household was invited to participate in the survey.
Upon entering the barangay (PSU), the starting point closest to the current location was the first one covered. Standard right coverage was used, wherein enumerator counted housing units on the right side and turned on right corners. No skipping pattern was observed. Upon successfully completing an interview, the enumerator proceeded to the next closest starting point. From there, the same selection procedure was observed until the enumerator completes five (5) interviews.
Data Access
The World Bank Group. Philippines - Household Survey for Indigenous Peoples in the Philippines 2023, Ref. PHL_2023_HSIP_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from https://www.enterprisesurveys.org/en/data on [date].
Disclaimer and copyrights
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Metadata production
DDI_PHL_2023_HSIP_v01_M_WB
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Development Data Group | DECDG | World Bank | Documentation of the study |
2025-02-10
Metadata version
Version 01 (February 2025)