2010 Census of Population and Housing - IPUMS Subset
Philippines, 2010
Get Microdata
Reference ID
PHL_2010_PHC_v01_M_v7.5_A_IPUMS
Producer(s)
Philippine Statistics Authority, IPUMS
Metadata
Created on
Sep 03, 2025
Last modified
Sep 03, 2025
Page views
2632
- Data files
- PHL2010_PHC-H-H.dat
- PHL2010_PHC-P-H.dat
Ethnicity (PH2010A_ETHNIC)
Data file: PHL2010_PHC-P-H.dat
Overview
Type:
Discrete
Decimal:
0
Start:
182
End:
184
Width:
3
Range:
-
Format:
Numeric
Questions and instructions
Literal question
<span class="h2">Population Census Questions</span></p>
<p><span class="em"> For all persons.</span>
<br />[Question 2 through 12 were asked of all persons.]</p>
<p>P11. Ethnicity- What is [the respondent]'s ethnicity by blood? Is he/she a/an ____?</p>
<div class="i1">Mention the predominant/common IP or non-IP groups in the area. Write the answer on the space provided. See codebook.<br /><br />Ethnicity ____</div>
<p><span class="em"> For all persons.</span>
<br />[Question 2 through 12 were asked of all persons.]</p>
<p>P11. Ethnicity- What is [the respondent]'s ethnicity by blood? Is he/she a/an ____?</p>
<div class="i1">Mention the predominant/common IP or non-IP groups in the area. Write the answer on the space provided. See codebook.<br /><br />Ethnicity ____</div>
Categories
| Value | Category |
|---|---|
| 001 | Abelling, Abellen, Aberling, or Aborlin |
| 002 | Adasen |
| 003 | Aeta or Ayta |
| 004 | Agta |
| 005 | Agta-Cimaron |
| 006 | Agta-Agay |
| 007 | Agta-Dumagat |
| 008 | Agta-Tabangnon |
| 009 | Agta-Taboy |
| 010 | Agutaynen |
| 011 | Akeanon |
| 012 | Alangan |
| 013 | Ambala |
| 014 | Applai |
| 015 | Aromanen-Manobo |
| 016 | Ata |
| 017 | Ata or Negrito |
| 018 | Ata-Manobo |
| 019 | Ati |
| 020 | Ayangan |
| 021 | B'laan or Blaan |
| 022 | Badjao |
| 023 | Bago |
| 024 | Bagobo |
| 025 | Bagobo-Tagabawa |
| 026 | Bajao or Bajau |
| 027 | Balangao |
| 028 | Balatok |
| 029 | Baliwon or Gaddang |
| 030 | Banao |
| 031 | Bangon |
| 032 | Bantoanon |
| 033 | Banwaon |
| 034 | Batak |
| 035 | Batangan |
| 036 | Belwang |
| 037 | Bikol or Bicol |
| 038 | Binongan |
| 039 | Bisaya or Binisaya |
| 040 | Boholano |
| 041 | Bontok |
| 042 | Bugkalot or Ilongot |
| 043 | Buhid |
| 044 | Buhid (Bangon) |
| 045 | Bukidnon |
| 046 | Cagayanen |
| 047 | Calinga |
| 048 | Capizeño |
| 049 | Caviteño |
| 050 | Caviteño-Chavacano |
| 051 | Cebuano |
| 052 | Chinese |
| 053 | Clata or Klata |
| 054 | Cotabateño |
| 055 | Cotabateño-Chavacano |
| 056 | Cuyonon or Cuyonen |
| 057 | Davao-Chavacano |
| 058 | Davaweño |
| 059 | Diangan |
| 060 | Dibabawon |
| 061 | Dibabeen Mulitaan |
| 062 | Dibaben |
| 063 | Direrayaan |
| 064 | Dumagat or Alta |
| 065 | Dumagat |
| 066 | Eskaya |
| 067 | Gaddang |
| 068 | Gubang |
| 069 | Gubatnon |
| 070 | Guiangan |
| 071 | Halawodnon |
| 072 | Hanunuo |
| 073 | Henanga |
| 074 | Higaonon |
| 075 | Hiligaynon, Ilonggo |
| 076 | Ibaloi or Ibaloy |
| 077 | Ibanag |
| 078 | Ibatan |
| 079 | Ifugao |
| 080 | Ilianen |
| 081 | Illaud |
| 082 | Ilocano |
| 083 | Iranon, Iranun, or Iraynon |
| 084 | Iraya |
| 085 | Isinai |
| 086 | Isneg, Isnag, or Apayao |
| 087 | Isoroken |
| 088 | Itawis |
| 089 | Itneg or Tingguian |
| 090 | Ivatan |
| 091 | Iwak, Iowak, Owak, or I-wak |
| 092 | Jama Mapun |
| 093 | Kabayukan |
| 094 | Kabihug |
| 095 | Kadaklan or kachakran |
| 097 | Kalagan |
| 098 | Kalanguya |
| 099 | Kalanguya-Ikalahan |
| 100 | Kalibugan or Kolibugan |
| 101 | Kalinga |
| 102 | Kamiguin |
| 103 | Kankanaey |
| 104 | Kapampangan |
| 105 | Karao |
| 106 | Karay-a |
| 107 | Karulano |
| 108 | Kaunana |
| 109 | Ke'ney, Ken-ey, or Tau't-Bato |
| 110 | Kirenteken |
| 111 | Lahitanen |
| 112 | Lambangian |
| 113 | Langilan |
| 114 | Livunganen |
| 115 | Mabaka |
| 116 | Maeng |
| 117 | Magahats |
| 118 | Mag-anti, Mag-Antsi, or Mag-anchi |
| 119 | Magbekin, Magbukon, or Magbukun |
| 120 | Mag-indi |
| 121 | Magkunana |
| 122 | Maguindanao |
| 123 | Majokayong |
| 124 | Malaueg |
| 125 | Mamanwa |
| 126 | Mandaya |
| 127 | Mangguangan |
| 128 | Manobo |
| 129 | Manobo-Blit |
| 130 | Manobo-Dulangan |
| 131 | Mansaka |
| 132 | Manubo-Ubo or Manobo-Ubo |
| 133 | Maranao |
| 134 | Masadiit |
| 135 | Masbateño or Masbatenon |
| 136 | Matigsalog or Matigsalug |
| 137 | Molbog |
| 138 | Muyadan |
| 139 | Obu-Manuvu or Ubo-Manobo |
| 140 | Pala'wan or Palawan-o |
| 141 | Palawani |
| 142 | Pan-ayanon |
| 143 | Panay-Bukidnon |
| 144 | Pangasinan or Panggalato |
| 145 | Parananum |
| 146 | Pulangien or Pulangiyen |
| 147 | Ratagnon |
| 148 | Remontado |
| 149 | Romblomanon |
| 150 | Sama Badjao |
| 151 | Sama Bangingi |
| 152 | Sama Laut |
| 153 | Sama or Samal |
| 154 | Sangil |
| 155 | Sibuyan Mangyan-Tagabukid |
| 156 | Subanen, Subanon, or Subanun |
| 157 | Surigaonon |
| 158 | T'boli or Tboli |
| 159 | Tadyawan |
| 160 | Tagabawa |
| 161 | Tagakaulo |
| 162 | Tagalog |
| 163 | Tagbanua |
| 164 | Tagbanua (Kalamianen) |
| 165 | Tagbanua or Calamian |
| 166 | Talaandig |
| 167 | Talaingod |
| 168 | Tau-buid |
| 169 | Tausug |
| 170 | Teduray |
| 171 | Tigwahanon |
| 172 | Tinananen |
| 173 | Tuwali |
| 174 | Waray |
| 175 | Yakan |
| 176 | Yapayao |
| 177 | Yogad |
| 178 | Zambageño-Chavacano |
| 179 | Zambal |
| 180 | Other local ethnicity |
| 181 | American or English |
| 182 | Other foreign ethnicity |
| 999 | Unknown |
Warning: these figures indicate the number of cases found in the data file. They cannot be interpreted as summary statistics of the population of interest.
Interviewer instructions
<span class="em">Columns P1 to P12 for All persons</span>
<br /><span class="em">Columns P1 to P12 are to be accomplished for all household members regardless of age.</span></p>
<p><span class="em">P11-Ethnicity</span>
<br />Ethnicity is a primary sense of belonging to an ethnic group. Ethnic group is consanguine in nature, meaning, the ties are reckoned by blood and traced through the family tree. Thus, ethnicity refers to the household member's identity, by blood and not by choice nor by adoption/confirmation for any ethnic group, primarily the Indigenous Peoples (IPs).
<br />Generally, ethnic grouping denotes genealogical and paternal lineage to any of the Philippines' group of native population. However, for the purpose of 2010 CPH, ethnic grouping also includes maternal lineage. As such, anybody whose consanguinity with both parents or any of them, who is/are member/s of an IP group, is an Indigenous Person.
<br />As defined in Section 3h, Chapter II, of Republic Act No. 8371, otherwise known as the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act (IPRA), IPs refer to a group of people or homogenous societies identified by self-ascription and ascription by others, who have continuously lived as organized community on communally bounded and defined territory, and who have, under claims of ownership since time immemorial, occupied, possessed, and utilized such territories, sharing common bonds of language, customs, traditions, and other distinctive cultural traits, or who have, through resistance to political, social, and cultural inroads of colonization, non-indigenous religions and cultures, became historically differentiated from the majority of Filipinos. IPs likewise include peoples who are regarded as indigenous on account of their descent from the populations which inhabited the country, at the time of conquest or colonization, or at the time of inroads of non-indigenous and cultures, or the establishment of present state boundaries, who retain some or all of their own social, economic, cultural, and political institutions, but who may have been displaced from their traditional domains or who may have resettled outside their ancestral domains.
<br />Ask the respondent the question in P11: "What is [the respondent]'s ethnicity by blood?" for all members of the household.
<br />It is important that you make a follow-up question by mentioning the common ethnic groups in your area. Thus, you should say, "Is he/she a/an...?" (Mention the most common ethnic groups in the area,
<br />See List in Appendix 9 (pages 260 to 263). For instance, if you are assigned in the municipality of Upi in the province of Maguindanao, which is predominantly inhabited by Maguindanaos, Iranons, and Tedurays, mention these ethnic groups by saying, "Is he/she a Maguindanao, Iranon, or Teduray?" If you are assigned in Surigao City in the province of Surigao del Norte, most of inhabitants are Mamanwa, Cebuano, or Bisaya. Mention these ethnic groups as examples when you ask the ethnicity of the respondent and the other household members.
<br />As a strategy, ask for the ethnicity of the parents. Write the ethnicity on the space provided. Mentioning the common ethnic groups in the area can help the respondent identify the ethnicity of his/her parents.
<br /><span class="pg">[pg. 115]</span>
<br />The complete alphabetical listing of ethnicity, their corresponding codes, as well as the most common ethnic groups by province are provided in the codebook for your reference.
<br />Cases of mixed ancestry, that is, parents belonging to different ethnic groups may be encountered. In these cases, refer to the foregoing explanations:
<br /><span class="em">Case 1 - Mixed Non-IP parents</span><div class="i1">Father - Tagalog Mother - Ilocano<br />In case 1, children aged 13 years old and over will decide between Tagalog and Ilocano. If children (13 years old and over) are around, you should directly ask them. If not, ask the respondent on behalf of these children.<br />Children below 13 years of age who could not yet decide on their ethnicity at the time of census should take the ethnicity of their mother.</div><span class="em">Case 2 - Mixed IP parents</span><div class="i1">Father - Kankanaey Mother - Ibaloi<br />In case 2, children aged 13 years old and over will decide between Kankanaey and Ibaloi. If children (13 years old and over) are around, you should directly ask them. If not, ask the respondent on behalf of these children.<br />In no case, however, shall an IP group not referring to any of the parents be accepted as ethnicity of the children.<br />Children below 13 years of age who could not yet decide on their ethnicity at the time of census should take the ethnicity of their mother.</div><span class="em">Case 3 - Mixed IP and Non-IP parents</span><div class="i1">Father -- Dumagat (IP) Mother - Kapampangan (Non-IP)<br />In case 3, wherein only one of the parents is an IP, the ethnicity of the children should follow that of the IP parent.<br />In this case, all children, regardless of age, should automatically be considered as Dumagat.</div><span class="pg">[pg. 116]</span>
<br /><span class="em">Case 4 - Mixed IP and Muslim parents</span><div class="i1">Father -- Maranao (Muslim) Mother - Manobo (IP)<br />Muslim tribes are paternalistic, by nature.<br />In case 4, for the family with Islam as their religion, the ethnicity of the children should follow the father's ethnicity, that is, Maranao.<br />For a family that adopted any religion other than Islam, the ethnicity of the children, regardless of age, should be that of the IP parent. In this case, the child's ethnicity should be Manobo.</div><span class="em">Case 5 - Mixed Muslim parents</span><div class="i1">Father - Samal Mother - Badjao<br />In case 5, for the family with Islam as their religion, all children, regardless of age, should follow the ethnicity of their father, that is, Samal.<br />There are instances, however, when a person belonging to a Muslim tribe has a religion, other than Islam. In this case, children aged 13 years old and over should decide between Samal and Badjao, while children below 13 years of age who cannot decide on their ethnicity at the time of census should take the ethnicity of their mother, that is, Badjao.</div><span class="em">Case 6 - Mixed Muslim and Non-IP parents</span><div class="i1">Father -- Tausug (Muslim) Mother - Bicolano (Non-IP)<br />In this example, all children, regardless of age, should be considered as Tausug. However, if it happens that the father is Bicolano and the mother is Tausug (Muslim), their children should be considered as Bicolanos, strictly adhering to paternalistic concept.</div><p>Answers such as Igorot, Cordilleran, Lumad, Bangsa Moro, among others are not IP or ethnic groups. These are generic or general/collective terms coined by others or by religious groups to refer to groups, which, with constant use and span of time, the group have somewhat adopted to identify themselves. If you encounter answers such as these, you should further probe by mentioning some of the predominant/common subgroups listed on the next page to get their real ethnicity.
<br /><span class="pg">[pg. 117]</span><div class="i1">Igorot: Kankanaey, Ibaloi, Bontoc, Applai, others<br />Cordilleran: Kankanaey, Ibaloi, Ifugao, Kalinga, Bontoc, Tingguian/Itneg, Isneg/Isnag/Apayao, Ilocano, Tagalog and other non-IPs living in the Cordillera Administrative Region<br />Lumad: B'laan, Banwaon, Bagobo, Dibabawon, Mandaya, Manguangan , Manobo, Mansaka, Talaandig, Teduray, T'boli, Tagakaolo, Subanen, Ubo, Higaonon, others<br />Bangsa Moro: Maranao, Tausog, Maguindanao, Iranon, others</div><p>Write the ethnic group on the space provided in the questionnaire and refer to the codebook for the corresponding code of the ethnic group.
<br /><span class="em">Columns P1 to P12 are to be accomplished for all household members regardless of age.</span></p>
<p><span class="em">P11-Ethnicity</span>
<br />Ethnicity is a primary sense of belonging to an ethnic group. Ethnic group is consanguine in nature, meaning, the ties are reckoned by blood and traced through the family tree. Thus, ethnicity refers to the household member's identity, by blood and not by choice nor by adoption/confirmation for any ethnic group, primarily the Indigenous Peoples (IPs).
<br />Generally, ethnic grouping denotes genealogical and paternal lineage to any of the Philippines' group of native population. However, for the purpose of 2010 CPH, ethnic grouping also includes maternal lineage. As such, anybody whose consanguinity with both parents or any of them, who is/are member/s of an IP group, is an Indigenous Person.
<br />As defined in Section 3h, Chapter II, of Republic Act No. 8371, otherwise known as the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act (IPRA), IPs refer to a group of people or homogenous societies identified by self-ascription and ascription by others, who have continuously lived as organized community on communally bounded and defined territory, and who have, under claims of ownership since time immemorial, occupied, possessed, and utilized such territories, sharing common bonds of language, customs, traditions, and other distinctive cultural traits, or who have, through resistance to political, social, and cultural inroads of colonization, non-indigenous religions and cultures, became historically differentiated from the majority of Filipinos. IPs likewise include peoples who are regarded as indigenous on account of their descent from the populations which inhabited the country, at the time of conquest or colonization, or at the time of inroads of non-indigenous and cultures, or the establishment of present state boundaries, who retain some or all of their own social, economic, cultural, and political institutions, but who may have been displaced from their traditional domains or who may have resettled outside their ancestral domains.
<br />Ask the respondent the question in P11: "What is [the respondent]'s ethnicity by blood?" for all members of the household.
<br />It is important that you make a follow-up question by mentioning the common ethnic groups in your area. Thus, you should say, "Is he/she a/an...?" (Mention the most common ethnic groups in the area,
<br />See List in Appendix 9 (pages 260 to 263). For instance, if you are assigned in the municipality of Upi in the province of Maguindanao, which is predominantly inhabited by Maguindanaos, Iranons, and Tedurays, mention these ethnic groups by saying, "Is he/she a Maguindanao, Iranon, or Teduray?" If you are assigned in Surigao City in the province of Surigao del Norte, most of inhabitants are Mamanwa, Cebuano, or Bisaya. Mention these ethnic groups as examples when you ask the ethnicity of the respondent and the other household members.
<br />As a strategy, ask for the ethnicity of the parents. Write the ethnicity on the space provided. Mentioning the common ethnic groups in the area can help the respondent identify the ethnicity of his/her parents.
<br /><span class="pg">[pg. 115]</span>
<br />The complete alphabetical listing of ethnicity, their corresponding codes, as well as the most common ethnic groups by province are provided in the codebook for your reference.
<br />Cases of mixed ancestry, that is, parents belonging to different ethnic groups may be encountered. In these cases, refer to the foregoing explanations:
<br /><span class="em">Case 1 - Mixed Non-IP parents</span><div class="i1">Father - Tagalog Mother - Ilocano<br />In case 1, children aged 13 years old and over will decide between Tagalog and Ilocano. If children (13 years old and over) are around, you should directly ask them. If not, ask the respondent on behalf of these children.<br />Children below 13 years of age who could not yet decide on their ethnicity at the time of census should take the ethnicity of their mother.</div><span class="em">Case 2 - Mixed IP parents</span><div class="i1">Father - Kankanaey Mother - Ibaloi<br />In case 2, children aged 13 years old and over will decide between Kankanaey and Ibaloi. If children (13 years old and over) are around, you should directly ask them. If not, ask the respondent on behalf of these children.<br />In no case, however, shall an IP group not referring to any of the parents be accepted as ethnicity of the children.<br />Children below 13 years of age who could not yet decide on their ethnicity at the time of census should take the ethnicity of their mother.</div><span class="em">Case 3 - Mixed IP and Non-IP parents</span><div class="i1">Father -- Dumagat (IP) Mother - Kapampangan (Non-IP)<br />In case 3, wherein only one of the parents is an IP, the ethnicity of the children should follow that of the IP parent.<br />In this case, all children, regardless of age, should automatically be considered as Dumagat.</div><span class="pg">[pg. 116]</span>
<br /><span class="em">Case 4 - Mixed IP and Muslim parents</span><div class="i1">Father -- Maranao (Muslim) Mother - Manobo (IP)<br />Muslim tribes are paternalistic, by nature.<br />In case 4, for the family with Islam as their religion, the ethnicity of the children should follow the father's ethnicity, that is, Maranao.<br />For a family that adopted any religion other than Islam, the ethnicity of the children, regardless of age, should be that of the IP parent. In this case, the child's ethnicity should be Manobo.</div><span class="em">Case 5 - Mixed Muslim parents</span><div class="i1">Father - Samal Mother - Badjao<br />In case 5, for the family with Islam as their religion, all children, regardless of age, should follow the ethnicity of their father, that is, Samal.<br />There are instances, however, when a person belonging to a Muslim tribe has a religion, other than Islam. In this case, children aged 13 years old and over should decide between Samal and Badjao, while children below 13 years of age who cannot decide on their ethnicity at the time of census should take the ethnicity of their mother, that is, Badjao.</div><span class="em">Case 6 - Mixed Muslim and Non-IP parents</span><div class="i1">Father -- Tausug (Muslim) Mother - Bicolano (Non-IP)<br />In this example, all children, regardless of age, should be considered as Tausug. However, if it happens that the father is Bicolano and the mother is Tausug (Muslim), their children should be considered as Bicolanos, strictly adhering to paternalistic concept.</div><p>Answers such as Igorot, Cordilleran, Lumad, Bangsa Moro, among others are not IP or ethnic groups. These are generic or general/collective terms coined by others or by religious groups to refer to groups, which, with constant use and span of time, the group have somewhat adopted to identify themselves. If you encounter answers such as these, you should further probe by mentioning some of the predominant/common subgroups listed on the next page to get their real ethnicity.
<br /><span class="pg">[pg. 117]</span><div class="i1">Igorot: Kankanaey, Ibaloi, Bontoc, Applai, others<br />Cordilleran: Kankanaey, Ibaloi, Ifugao, Kalinga, Bontoc, Tingguian/Itneg, Isneg/Isnag/Apayao, Ilocano, Tagalog and other non-IPs living in the Cordillera Administrative Region<br />Lumad: B'laan, Banwaon, Bagobo, Dibabawon, Mandaya, Manguangan , Manobo, Mansaka, Talaandig, Teduray, T'boli, Tagakaolo, Subanen, Ubo, Higaonon, others<br />Bangsa Moro: Maranao, Tausog, Maguindanao, Iranon, others</div><p>Write the ethnic group on the space provided in the questionnaire and refer to the codebook for the corresponding code of the ethnic group.
Description
Definition
This variable indicates the person's ethnicity.
Universe
Philippines 2010: All persons
concept
Concept
| var_concept.title | Vocabulary |
|---|---|
| Ethnicity and Language Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |