National Sample Survey 2007-2008 (64th round) - Schedule 10.2 - Employment, Unemployment and Migration Particulars
India, 2007 - 2008
Reference ID
IND_2007_NSS64-SCH10.2_v01_M
Producer(s)
National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO)
Created on
Jan 09, 2012
Last modified
Mar 29, 2019
Page views
67436
Downloads
7292
Reason for migration (S10B31_v05)
Data file: NSS64_Sch10_bk_3-1
Overview
Valid:
100235
Invalid:
30561
Minimum:
1
Maximum:
19
Type:
Discrete
Decimal:
0
Start:
54
End:
55
Width:
2
Range:
-
Format:
Questions and instructions
Categories
| Value | Category |
|---|---|
| 1 | |
| 2 | |
| 3 | |
| 4 | |
| 5 | |
| 6 | |
| 7 | |
| 8 | |
| 10 | |
| 11 | |
| 12 | |
| 13 | |
| 14 | |
| 15 | |
| 16 | |
| 17 | |
| 19 | |
| Sysmiss |
Warning: these figures indicate the number of cases found in the data file. They cannot be interpreted as summary statistics of the population of interest.
Interviewer instructions
Column 5: Reason for migration: For each out-migrant, the reason for migration will be ascertained.
Description
Definition
The reason for migration has to be arrived at after suitable probes. Brief details of each of these reasons are given below:
(i) In search of employment: Persons, who were not already in employment at the time of leaving the last upr, when migrate to another village/ town in search of employment are considered as migrated in search of employment.
(ii) In search of better employment: These include those persons who were employed at the time of leaving last upr, but have come to the place of enumeration in search of better employment, in terms of emoluments, job satisfaction, etc..
(iii) To take up employment / better employment: The first two cases are different from this one because it relates to persons who come to the place of enumeration to take up employment. These persons were not in search of employment but were offered jobs or were offered better jobs than the one they were having at the time of leaving last upr.
(iv) Business: Those who migrate to start a new business or due to shifting of the existing business will be considered as migrated for business.
(v) Transfer of service/ contract: Transfer of service/ contract will include persons who as part of the employment contract or service liability migrate from one place of posting to another.
(vi) Proximity to place of work: This will include persons who had moved in order to be nearer to their places of work. These are the people who move to another village/ town with the explicit purpose of avoiding or reducing commuting to place of work or other similar reasons and should be distinguished from the persons who migrate to take up employment/ better employment.
(vii) Studies: Students and others who leave their upr for studies will be classified under this category. If a person changes upr to pursue his studies and at the same time looks for employment, which is the case in many occasions, the factor which is basic for his change of residence should be considered.
(viii) Natural disaster (earthquake, drought, flood, tsunami, etc.): Persons who have migrate due to natural disaster caused by earthquake, drought, flood, cyclone, tsunami, etc. will be covered under this category.
(ix) Social/ political problems (riots, terrorism, political refugee, bad law and order, etc.): Migration arising out of social or political problems such as riots, terrorism, political refugee, bad law and order, etc. will be included under this category.
(x) Displacement by development project: Sometime undertaking development projects, such as construction of dams, power plants, or starting a new factory, etc., may result in eviction of persons and those effected by such displacements may migrate to other village/ town. Such types of migration will be included in this category.
(xi) Acquisition of own house/ flat: Persons who move to a place to stay in a house/ flat ac-quired by them will be categorized in this category. Here again the reason for movement should be directly attributable to the acquisition. Persons who on retirement move to their own house, etc. will not be included.
(xii) Housing problems: Certain persons move from metropolitan cities or large towns to nearby smaller towns or other areas due to the problems of getting suitable accommodation, poor amenities, or high rent, etc. In rural areas, it may be mainly due to poor amenities.
(xiii) Health care: Persons sometimes move from one place to another due to the availability of better medical facilities for treatment or conditions, unsuitable weather in the last upr. They will be covered under this reason.
(xiv) Post retirement: Sometimes after retirement, persons may leave upr either to stay in their native place or in some other place chosen by him/ her. If the reason for migration is due to retirement from employment they will be categorized here.
(xv) Marriage: A substantial number of women in India change their upr after marriage. Person, whose change in upr occurs exclusively due to marriage will be covered here.
(xvi) Migration of parent/ earning member of the family: In many cases, the members are passive movers in the sense that they change upr because the parent or earning member changed upr. Such migrants will be categorized here.
(xvii) Others: Reasons for migration which cannot be classified into any of the above categories will be covered here.
It may be noted that the reason for migration is to be collected for the migrant households, for the out-migrants and for each migrant member in a household. The reason for migration for each of the out-migrants from a household as well as for the migrant members in a household is to be found out and any one of the reasons listed above are to be assigned. For out-migrants and migrants in a household all of the reasons listed above may be applicable. However, for a migrant household, all the reasons cited above except the reason "migration of parent/earning member of the family" may be applicable. In many occasions, more than one of the reasons given above may seem to be applicable for the migration of a household member, such as a person may leave the upr for study but at the same time may look for employment. In such cases, the reason which is basic for migration of the household member has to be determined to assign reason for migration code. Similarly, the reason for migration of a household has to be determined considering the basic reason for migration, if more than one reason seem possible. For example, a household which was facing some housing problem at the place of last usual residence, had to migrate as the earning member was transferred to the present place of enumeration. In this case, the reason for migration of the household shall be "transfer of service/ contract". The Investigator may identify the basic reason, in consultation with the respondents, after detailed probing in cases involving more than one reason for migration.
(i) In search of employment: Persons, who were not already in employment at the time of leaving the last upr, when migrate to another village/ town in search of employment are considered as migrated in search of employment.
(ii) In search of better employment: These include those persons who were employed at the time of leaving last upr, but have come to the place of enumeration in search of better employment, in terms of emoluments, job satisfaction, etc..
(iii) To take up employment / better employment: The first two cases are different from this one because it relates to persons who come to the place of enumeration to take up employment. These persons were not in search of employment but were offered jobs or were offered better jobs than the one they were having at the time of leaving last upr.
(iv) Business: Those who migrate to start a new business or due to shifting of the existing business will be considered as migrated for business.
(v) Transfer of service/ contract: Transfer of service/ contract will include persons who as part of the employment contract or service liability migrate from one place of posting to another.
(vi) Proximity to place of work: This will include persons who had moved in order to be nearer to their places of work. These are the people who move to another village/ town with the explicit purpose of avoiding or reducing commuting to place of work or other similar reasons and should be distinguished from the persons who migrate to take up employment/ better employment.
(vii) Studies: Students and others who leave their upr for studies will be classified under this category. If a person changes upr to pursue his studies and at the same time looks for employment, which is the case in many occasions, the factor which is basic for his change of residence should be considered.
(viii) Natural disaster (earthquake, drought, flood, tsunami, etc.): Persons who have migrate due to natural disaster caused by earthquake, drought, flood, cyclone, tsunami, etc. will be covered under this category.
(ix) Social/ political problems (riots, terrorism, political refugee, bad law and order, etc.): Migration arising out of social or political problems such as riots, terrorism, political refugee, bad law and order, etc. will be included under this category.
(x) Displacement by development project: Sometime undertaking development projects, such as construction of dams, power plants, or starting a new factory, etc., may result in eviction of persons and those effected by such displacements may migrate to other village/ town. Such types of migration will be included in this category.
(xi) Acquisition of own house/ flat: Persons who move to a place to stay in a house/ flat ac-quired by them will be categorized in this category. Here again the reason for movement should be directly attributable to the acquisition. Persons who on retirement move to their own house, etc. will not be included.
(xii) Housing problems: Certain persons move from metropolitan cities or large towns to nearby smaller towns or other areas due to the problems of getting suitable accommodation, poor amenities, or high rent, etc. In rural areas, it may be mainly due to poor amenities.
(xiii) Health care: Persons sometimes move from one place to another due to the availability of better medical facilities for treatment or conditions, unsuitable weather in the last upr. They will be covered under this reason.
(xiv) Post retirement: Sometimes after retirement, persons may leave upr either to stay in their native place or in some other place chosen by him/ her. If the reason for migration is due to retirement from employment they will be categorized here.
(xv) Marriage: A substantial number of women in India change their upr after marriage. Person, whose change in upr occurs exclusively due to marriage will be covered here.
(xvi) Migration of parent/ earning member of the family: In many cases, the members are passive movers in the sense that they change upr because the parent or earning member changed upr. Such migrants will be categorized here.
(xvii) Others: Reasons for migration which cannot be classified into any of the above categories will be covered here.
It may be noted that the reason for migration is to be collected for the migrant households, for the out-migrants and for each migrant member in a household. The reason for migration for each of the out-migrants from a household as well as for the migrant members in a household is to be found out and any one of the reasons listed above are to be assigned. For out-migrants and migrants in a household all of the reasons listed above may be applicable. However, for a migrant household, all the reasons cited above except the reason "migration of parent/earning member of the family" may be applicable. In many occasions, more than one of the reasons given above may seem to be applicable for the migration of a household member, such as a person may leave the upr for study but at the same time may look for employment. In such cases, the reason which is basic for migration of the household member has to be determined to assign reason for migration code. Similarly, the reason for migration of a household has to be determined considering the basic reason for migration, if more than one reason seem possible. For example, a household which was facing some housing problem at the place of last usual residence, had to migrate as the earning member was transferred to the present place of enumeration. In this case, the reason for migration of the household shall be "transfer of service/ contract". The Investigator may identify the basic reason, in consultation with the respondents, after detailed probing in cases involving more than one reason for migration.