Enquête Nationale Démographique et Sanitaire 1992

Madagascar, 1992

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MDG_1992_DHS_v01_M

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Centre National de Recherches sur l’Environment

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Dec 20, 2012

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Jul 06, 2017

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The data from this study are used in the following publications:

Found: 166

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1 Lauro, Don. "Abortion and contraceptive use in sub-Saharan Africa: How women plan their families." African Journal of Reproductive Health 15, no. 1 (2011): 13-24.

2 Banerjee, Sudeshna, Quentin Wodon, Amadou Diallo, Taras Pushak, Elal Uddin, Clarence Tsimpo, and Vivien Foster. Access, affordability, and alternatives: modern infrastructure services in Africa. : World Bank, 2008.

3 Timaeus, Ian M, and Momodou Jasseh. "Adult mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Demographic and Health Surveys." Demography 41, no. 4 (2004): 757-772.

4 Reniers, Georges, Bruno Masquelier, and Patrick Gerland. "Adult mortality trends in Africa." (2010) International Handbook of Adult Mortality (preliminary chapter).

5 Banerjee, Sudeshna Ghosh, and Elvira Morella. Africa's Water and Sanitation Infrastructure: Access, Affordability, and Alternatives. Washington DC, USA: World Bank Publications, 2011.

6 Garenne, Michel. "Age at marriage and modernisation in sub-Saharan Africa." Southern African Journal of Demography 9, no. 2 (2004): 59-79.

7 Baird, Sarah, Jed Friedman, and Norbert R Schady. "Aggregate income shocks and infant mortality in the developing world." (2007) World Bank Policy Research Working Paper.

8 Kalemli-Ozcan, Sebnem. "AIDS, reversal of the demographic transition and economic development: evidence from Africa." (2006) NBER Working Papers.

9 Harttgen, Kenneth, Stephan Klasen, and Sebastian Vollmer. "An African growth miracle? Or: what do asset indices tell us about trends in economic performance?." (2011) International Association for Research in Income and Wealth.

10 Verma, Vijay, and Thanh Le. "An analysis of sampling errors for the Demographic and Health Surveys." International Statistical Review 64, no. 3 (1996): 265-294.

11 Brown, Jennifer, Roeland Monasch, George Bicego, Anthony Burton, and J. Ties Boerma. "An assessment of the quality of national child immunization coverage estimates in population-based surveys." (2002) MEASURE Evaluation Project.

12 Pelletier, David L, and Edward A Frongillo. "Changes in child survival are strongly associated with changes in malnutrition in developing countries." The Journal of nutrition 133, no. 1 (2003): 107.

13 Johnson, Kiersten, Noureddine Abderrahim, and Shea O Rutstein. "Changes in the direct and indirect determinants of fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa." (2011) DHS Analytical Studies .

14 Lewin, Keith M, and Ricardo Sabates. Changing patterns of access to education in Anglophone and Francophone countries in Sub Saharan Africa: Is education for all pro-poor?: Create Pathways to Access research monograph No. 52. Falmer, UK: Consortium for Research on Educational Access, Transitions and Equity, 2011.

15 Kosec, Katrina. "Child health implications of water sector policies in Africa." (2009)

16 Grigoriou, Christopher, and Patrick Guillaumont. "Child mortality reacts to relative prices." (2011) CERDI Etudes et Documents.

17 Giroux C, Sarah. "Child stunting across schooling and fertility transitions: Evidence from sub-Saharan Africa." (2008) DHS Working Papers.

18 Block, Steven A, William A Masters, and Priya Bhagowalia. "Child undernutrition, household poverty and national income in developing countries: Quantile regression results." Agricultural & Applied Economics Association 2010: AAEA,CAES, & WAEA Joint Annual Meeting. Denver, Colorado, USA, July 25-27, 2010.

19 Morella, Elvira, Vivien Foster, and Sudeshna G Banerjee. "Climbing the ladder: The state of sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa." (2008)

20 Miller, Kate, Robert Miller, Ian Askew, Marjory C Horn, and Lewis Ndhlovu. Clinic-based family planning and reproductive health services in Africa: findings from situation analysis studies. New York, New York: Population Council Africa Operations Research and Technical Assistance Project. United States Agency for International Development, 1998.

21 Camlin, Carol, and Ines Escandon. "Contraceptive sterilization: Global issues and trends." (2002) Chapter 2: Sterilization incidence and prevalence.

22 Doskoch, Peter. "Contraceptive use is rising faster in Eastern than Western Africa." International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 37, no. 1 (2011): 49-50.

23 Heaton, Tim B, Renata Forste, John P Hoffmann, and Dallan Flake. "Cross-national variation in family influences on child health." Social science & medicine 60, no. 1 (2005): 97-108.

24 Garenne, Michel. Datation de la baisse de la fécondité en Afrique subsaharienne. 2001.

25 Gunther, Isabel, and Kenneth Harttgen. "Deadly cities? A note on spatial inequalities in mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa." German Development Economics Conference. Berlin, Germany, 2011.

26 Corsi, Daniel, Melissa Neuman, Jocelyn Finlay, and S V Subramanian. "Demographic and health surveys: a profile." International journal of epidemiology 41, no. 6 (2012): 1602-1613.

27 Diallo, Amadou B, and Quentin Wodon. "Demographic transition towards smaller household sizes and basic infrastructure needs in developing countries." Economics Bulletin 15, no. 11 (2007): 1-11.

28 Wang, Limin. "Determinants of child mortality in LDCs: Empirical findings from demographic and health surveys." Health Policy 65, no. 3 (2003): 277-299.

29 Wang, Limin. Determinants of child mortality in low-income countries: Empirical findings from Demographic and Health Surveys. Washington, DC, USA: World Bank, 2002.

30 Engle, Patrice L, Purnima Menon, James L Garrett, and Alison Slack. "Developing a research and action agenda for examining urbanization and caregiving: examples from Southern and Eastern Africa." (1997) Food Consumption and Nutrition Division Discussion Paper.

31 Filmer, Deon, Jed Friedman, and Norbert Schady. "Development, modernization, and childbearing: the role of family sex composition." The World Bank Economic Review 23, no. 3 (2009): 371-3.

32 Filmer, Deon, Jed Friedman, and Norbert R Schady. "Development, modernization, and son preference in fertility decisions." (2008) World Bank Policy Research Working Paper.

33 Stanton, Cynthia, Noureddine Abderrahim, and Kenneth Hill. DHS maternal mortality indicators: an assessment of data quality and implications for data use. Calverton, USA: Macro International Inc, 1997.

34 Forsberg, Birger C, Max G Petzold, Goran Tomson, and Peter Allebeck. "Diarrhoea case management in low-and middle-income countries: an unfinished agenda." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 85, no. 1 (2007): 42-48.

35 Jamison, Dean T, Richard G Feachem, Malegapuru W Makgoba, Eduard R Bos, Florence K Baingana, Karen J Hofman, and Khama O Rogo. Disease and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Washington: World Bank Publications, 2006.

36 Wright, Jim A, Hong Yang, and Kate Walker. "Do international surveys and censuses exhibit ‘dry season’ bias?." (2011) Population, Space and Place.

37 Sommerfelt, Tone. Domestic child labour in Morocco: An analysis of the parties involved in relationships to “Petites Bonnes”. Oslo, Norway: Fafo Institute for Applied Social Science, 2001.

38 Charbit, Yves, and Corinne Régnard. "Dynamiques démographiques et dimensions géographiques des populations africaines." Espace, populations, sociétés 17, no. 1 (1999): 13-27.

39 Baker, Elizabeth J, Linda C Sanei, and Nadra Franklin. "Early initiation of and exclusive breastfeeding in large-scale community-based programmes in Bolivia and Madagascar." Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition 24, no. 4 (2006): 530-539.

40 Fjelde, Hanna, and Gudrun Ostby. "Economic inequality and non-state conflicts in Africa." APSA 2010 Annual Meeting Paper . Washington, DC, 2010.

41 McGranahan, Gordon, Simon Lewin, Taryn Fransen, Caroline Hunt, Marianne Kjellen, Jules Pretty, Carolyn Stephens, and Ivar Virgin. Environmental Change and Human Health in Countries of Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific. Stockholm, Sweden: Stockholm Environment Institute, 1999.

42 Araoye O, Margaret. "Epidemiology of infertility: social problems of the infertile couples." West African Journal of Medicine 22, no. 2 (2004): 190-196.

43 Huffman, Sandra, Elizabeth Zehner, Philip Harvey, Luan Martin, Ellen Piwoz, Kindal Ndure, Cheryl Combest, Robert Mwadime, and Victoria Quinn. Essential health sector actions to improve Maternal Nutrition in Africa. Washington, DC: Regional Centre for Quality of Healthcare, Makerere University and LINKAGES, 2001.

44 Hill, Kenneth, Carla AbouZahr, and Tessa Wardlaw. "Estimates of maternal mortality for 1995." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 79, no. 3 (2001): 182-193.

45 Garenne, Michel. "Estimating obstetric mortality from pregnancy-related deaths recorded in demographic censuses and surveys." Studies in Family Planning 42, no. 4 (2011): 237-246.

46 Cleland, John G, Robert P Ndugwa, and Eliya M Zulu. "Family planning in sub-Saharan Africa: Progress or stagnation?." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 89, no. 2 (2010): 137-143.

47 Garenne M, Michel. "Fertility changes in sub-Saharan Africa." (2008) DHS Comparative Reports.

48 Ngom, Pierre, and Soukeynatou Fall. Fertility decline in francophone sub-Saharan Africa, 1980-2010. : African Population & Health Research Center, 2002.

49 Sneeringer E, Stacy. Fertility transition in sub-Saharan Africa: A comparative analysis of cohort trends in 30 countries. Calverton, USA: ICF Macro / USAID, 2009.

50 Bongaarts, John. "Fertility transitions in developing countries: progress or stagnation?." Studies in Family Planning 39, no. 2 (2008): 105-110.

51 Slack T, Alison. Food and nutrition security data on the World Wide Web. Washington DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute, 1999.

52 Diallo B, Amadou. "Four essays on the links between poverty, inequality and heath with empircal application to developing countries: Africa compared to the rest of the world." Docteur ès Sciences Economiques, Université d’Auvergne, 2009.

53 Mei, Zuguo, Laurence M Grummer-Strawn, and Paul W Stupp. "From death to birth: Mortality decline and reproductive change." (1998) Effect of a child's death on birth spacing: A cross-national analysis.

54 Dudwick, Nora, Katy Hull, Roy Katayama, Forhad Shilpi, and Kenneth Simler. From farm to firm: Rural-urban transition in developing countries. Washington DC, USA: World Bank, 2011.

55 Hilber, Adriane M, Xavier Bosch-Capblanch, Christian Schindler, Lise Beck, Florence Sécula, Oran McKenzie, Sara Gari, Christina Stuckli, and Sonja Merten. Gender and immunisation. Basel, Switzerland: Swiss Centre for International Health, 2010.

56 Mahmood, Naushin, and Mir Annice Mahmood. "Gender differences in child health-care practices: Evidence from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, 1990-91." (1995) Pakistan Development Review.

57 Picard, Mary. Gender review of the USAID/ Madagascar portfolio. : USAID, 1993.

58 Mathers, Colin D, Christina Bernard, Kim M Iburg, Mie Inoue, Doris Ma Fat, Kenji Shibuya, Claudia Stein, Niels Tomijima, and Hongyi Xu. "Global burden of disease in 2002: data sources, methods and results." (2003) Global Programme on Evidence for Health Policy Discussion Paper.

59 Artadi V, Elsa. "Going into Labor: Earnings vs. Infant Survival in Rural Africa." (2005) Mimeograph, Bocconi University.

60 Kudamatsu, Masayuki. "Has Democratization Reduced Infant Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa? Evidence from Micro Data." (2007) Stockholm University - Institute for International Economic Studies (IIES).

61 Timceus M, Ian. "Health and Mortality: Issues of Global Concern." (1999) v. Mortality in sub-Saharan Africa.

62 Xu, Ke, Priyanka Saksena, and David B Evans. "Health financing and access to effective interventions." (2010) World Heath Report Background Paper.

63 Cornia, Giovanni A, and Leonardo Menchini. "Health improvements and health inequality during the last 40 years." (2006) Research Paper No. 2006/10 .

64 Wang, Limin. Health outcomes in low-income countries and policy implications: Empirical findings from demographic and health surveys. : World Bank, Environment Dept., 2002.

65 Wang, Limin. "Health outcomes in poor countries and policy options: Empirical findings from Demographic and Health Surveys." (2002) World Bank Policy Research Papers.

66 Stover, John, and John Ross. "How increased contraceptive use has reduced maternal mortality." Maternal and child health journal 14, no. 5 (2010): 687-695.

67 Friedman, Jed, and Norbert Schady. "How many more infants are likely to die In Africa as a result of the global financial crisis?." Research Working papers 1, no. 1 (2009): 1-18.

68 Dixon-Mueller, Ruth. "How young is “too young”? Comparative perspectives on adolescent sexual, marital, and reproductive transitions." Studies in Family Planning 39, no. 4 (2008): 247-262.

69 Houweling, Tanja A, Carine Ronsmans, Oona M Campbell, and Anton E Kunst. "Huge poor-rich inequalities in maternity care: an international comparative study of maternity and child care in developing countries." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 85, no. 10 (2007): 745-754.

70 Filmer, Deon. "If you build it, will they come? School availability and school enrollment in 21 poor countries." (2004) World Bank Policy Research Working Paper.

71 Sahn, David E, and Stephen D Younger. "Improvements in children’s health: Does inequality matter?." SAGA Working Paper 3, no. 2 (2005): 125-143.

72 Ostby, Gudrun. "In-migration, inequality and urban violence." Climate Change and Security Conference. Trondheim, Norway, June 21-24, 2010.

73 Ueyama, Mika. "Income growth and gender bias in childhood mortality in developing countries." (2007) IFPRI discussion papers.

74 Johnston, Heidi B, and Kenneth H Hill. "Induced abortion in the developing world: indirect estimates." International Family Planning Perspectives 22, no. 3 (1996): 108-137.

75 Sahn, David E, and Stephen D Younger. "Inequality and poverty in Africa in an era of globalization: Looking beyond income to health and education." (2007) Cornell Food and Nutrition Policy Program Working Paper.

76 Sahn, David E, and Stephen D Younger. Inequality and poverty in Africa in an era of globalization: Looking beyond income to health and education. : United Nations University, 2007.

77 Agyei-Mensah, Samuel. "Infant nutritional patterns and trends in sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Demographic and Health Surveys 1986-1998." Research Review 15, no. 2 (1999): 1-18.

78 Ross, John, and Laura Heaton. "Intended contraceptive use among women without an unmet need." (1997) International Family Planning Perspectives.

79 Adegboye, Oyelola, and Danelle Kotze. "Is poverty a determinant of educational attainment? Perspectives from Africa." (2011)

80 Leete, Richard. "Issues in measuring and monitoring maternal mortality: Implications for programmes." (1998) United Nations Population Fund Technical and Policy Papers.

81 Bulatao A, Rodolfo. Key indicators for family planning projects. Washington DC, USA: World Bank Publications, 1995.

82 United Nations. "Levels and trends of contraceptive use as assessed in 2002." 2006.

83 Anderson G, Kermyt. "Life expectancy and the timing of life history events in developing countries." Human Nature 21, no. 2 (2010): 103-123.

84 Lopez, Alan D, Joshua Salomon, Omar Ahmad, Christopher J Murray, and Doris Mafat. "Life tables for 191 countries: data, methods and results." (2001) GPE Discussion Paper Series (WHO).

85 Sahn, David E, and Stephen D Younger. "Living standards in Africa." (2007) Cornell Food and Nutrition Policy Program Working Paper .

86 Sahn, David E, and Stephen Younger. "Living Standards in Africa." (2009) Initiative for Policy Dialogue Working Paper Series .

87 Westoff, Charles F, and Akinrinola Bankole. "Mass media and reproductive behavior in Africa." (1997) DHS Analytical Studies.

88 AbouZahr, Carla, Tessa M Wardlaw, Kenneth Hill, and Yoonjoung Choi. Maternal Mortality in 2000: Estimates Developed by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, 2004.

89 Obermeyer, Ziad, Julie K Rajaratnam, Chang H Park, Emmanuela Gakidou, Margaret C Hogan, Alan D Lopez, and Christopher J Murray. "Measuring adult mortality using sibling survival: a new analytical method and new results for 44 countries, 1974-2006." PLoS Medicine 7, no. 4 (2010): e1000.

90 Rajaratnam, Julie K, Linda N Tran, Alan D Lopez, and Christopher J Murray. "Measuring under-five mortality: validation of new low-cost methods." PLoS medicine 7, no. 4 (2010): e1000.

91 Garenne, Michel. "Migration, urbanisation and child health in Africa: a global perspective." Conference on African Migration in Comparative Perspective. Johannesburg, South Africa, June 4-7, 2003.

92 Goga E, Ameena. "Millennium development goals: achievements and prospects of meeting the targets in Africa." (2008) Reduction of Child Mortality.

93 Nwonwu, Francis. Millennium Development Goals: Achievements and prospects of meeting the targets in Africa. South Africa: Africa Institute of South Africa, 2008.

94 Blanc, Ann K, and Tessa Wardlaw. "Monitoring low birth weight: an evaluation of international estimates and an updated estimation procedure." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 83, no. 3 (2005): 178-185d.

95 Bloom, David, David Canning, Isabel Guenther, and Sebastian Linnemayr. "Mortality Expectations and Fertility Decisions." (2008) Harvar School of Public Heath, 140 Mt. Auburn St., Cambridge, MA.

96 Kettani, Houssain. "Muslim population in Asia: 1950-2020." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 1, no. 2 (2010).

97 Hill, Kenneth, and Yoonjoung Choi. "Neonatal mortality in the developing world." Demographic Research 14, no. 18 (2006): 429-452.

98 Ericksen, Karen, and Tracy Brunette. "Patterns and predictors of infertility among African women: A cross-national survey of twenty-seven nations." Social Science & Medicine 42, no. 2 (1996): 209-220.

99 Garenne, Michel. "Poisson variations of the sex ratio at birth in African Demographic Surveys." Human Biology 80, no. 5 (2008): 473-482.

100 Go, Delfin, Denis Nikitin, Xiongjian Wang, and Heng-fu Zou. "Poverty and inequality in sub-Saharan Africa: Literature survey and empirical assessment." Annals of Economics and Finance 8, no. 2 (2007): 251-304.

101 Hewett, Paul C, and Mark R Montgomery. "Poverty and public services in developing-country cities." (2001) Policy Research Division Working Paper.

102 Garenne, Michel, and Julien Zwang. "Premarital fertility and HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa." African Journal of Reproductive Health 12, no. 2 (2008): 64-74.

103 Larsen, Ulla. "Primary and secondary infertility in sub-Saharan Africa." International Journal of Epidemiology 29, no. 2 (2000): 285-291.

104 Sahn, David E, and David C Stifel. "Progress toward the millennium development goals in Africa." World Development 31, no. 1 (2003): 23-52.

105 Fotso, Jean-Christophe, Alex C Ezeh, Nyovani J Madise, and James Ciera. "Progress towards the child mortality millennium development goal in urban sub-Saharan Africa: the dynamics of population growth, immunization, and access to clean water." BMC Public Health 7, no. 1 (2007): 218.

106 Hopstock, Paul, Ann Sherpick, and Carla Briceno. Providers and consumers of commercial family planning services in developing countries. Arlington, USA: The PROFIT Project, 1997.

107 Lesthaeghe, R, and C Vanderhoeft. "Ready, willing and able: A conceptualization of transitions to new behavioral forms." (2001) DIFFUSION PROCESSES FERTILITY TRANSITION.

108 Bankole, Akinrinola, Susheela Singh, and Taylor Haas. "Reasons why women have induced abortions: evidence from 27 countries." International Family Planning Perspectives 24, no. 3 (1998).

109 Machiyama, Kazuyo, Richard Silverwood, Andy Sloggett, and John Cleland. "Recent fertility declines in sub-Saharan Africa: Analysis of country trends of fertility decline." 2010 Quetelet Seminar. Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, November 24-26, 2010.

110 Stover, John. "Revising the proximate determinants of fertility framework: What have we learned in the past 20 years?." Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America. Washington, DC, USA, March, 1997.

111 Gourbin, Catherin. "Santé de la reproduction au Nord et au Sud." (2009) Infertility in Sub-Saharan Africa.

112 Cleland, John, and Mohamed Ali. "Santé de la reproduction au Nord et au Sud." (2009) The Use of Demographic and Health Surveys to Monitor The Sexual and Reproductive Behaviour of Single Women .

113 Cleland, John, and Mohamed Ali. "Santé de la reproduction au Nord et au Sud." (2009) Monitor the Sexual and Reproductive Behaviour of Single Women.

114 Gaffikin, Lynne. "Scaling up population and environment approaches in Madagascar: A case study." (2008) World Wildlife Fund and Evaluation and Research Technologies for Health (EARTH) Inc., Washington, DC, USA.

115 Garenne, Michel. "Sex differences in health indicators among children in African DHS surveys." (2003) Journal of Biosocial Science.

116 Bloom, David E, David Canning, Isabel Gunther, and Sebastian Linnemayr. "Social interactions and fertility in developing countries." (2008) Program on the Global Demography of Aging (PGDA) Working Series.

117 Sowa, Agnieszka, and Christina Behrendt. "Social Security in Low and Middle-Income Countries: The Role of Household Survey Data." (2006) Issues in Social Protection Discussion Paper No. 14.

118 Kreider, Amanda, David Shapiro, Catherine Varner, and Malika Sinha. Socioeconomic progress and fertility transition in the developing world: Evidence from the Demographic and Health Surveys*. University Park, USA: Pennsylvania State University , 2009.

119 Shapiro, David, Amanda Kreider, Catherine Varner, and Malika Sinha. "Stalling of fertility transitions and socioeconomic change in the developing world: evidence from the demographic and health surveys." 36th Chaire Quetelet, Annual Symposium in Demography. Louvain la Neuve, Belgium, November, 2010.

120 Mei, Zuguo, and Laurence M Grummer-Strawn. "Standard deviation of anthropometric Z-scores as a data quality assessment tool using the 2006 WHO growth standards: a cross country analysis." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 85, no. 6 (2007): 441-448.

121 Garenne L, Michel. "Testing for fertility stalls in demographic and health surveys." Population Health Metrics 9, no. 59 (2011): 18.

122 Buekens, P., A. Tsui, M. Kotelchuck, and J. Degraft-Johnson. "Tetanus immunization and prenatal care in developing countries." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 48, no. 1 (1995): 91-94.

123 Bongaarts, John. "The causes of stalling fertility transitions." (2005) Policy Research Division Working Paper.

124 Kosec, Katrina. "The Child Health Implications of Privatizing Africa's Urban Water Supply." (2012)

125 Kosec, Katrina. The Child Health Implications of Privatizing the Urban Water Supply in Africa. : Standford University, 2011.

126 Bhagowalia, Priya, Susan Chen, and William Masters. "The distribution of child nutritional status across countries and over time." 2008 Annual Meeting. Orlando, Florida, 2008.

127 Bloom, David, Elizabeth Cafiero, Mark McGovern, Klaus Prettner, Anderson Stanciole, Jonathan Weiss, Samuel Bakkila, and Larry Rosenberg. "The economic impact of non-communicable disease in China and India: Estimates, projections, and comparisons." (2013) IZA DP No. 7563.

128 Bongaarts, John. "The fertility impact of changes in the timing of childbearing in the developing world." Population Studies 53, no. 3 (1999): 277-289.

129 Nubé, Maarten, and Benjamin GJS Sonneveld. "The geographical distribution of underweight children in Africa." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 83, no. 10 (2005): 764-770.

130 Wang, Limin, Shireen Kanji, and Sushenjit Bandyopadhyay. "The health impact of extreme weather events in Sub-Saharan Africa." (2009) World Bank Policy Research Working Paper.

131 Akachi, Yoko, and David Canning. "The height of women in Sub-Saharan Africa: The role of health, nutrition, and income in childhood." Annals of Human Biology 34, no. 4 (2007): 397-410.

132 Bandyopadhyay, Sushenjit, Shireen Kanji, and Limin Wang. "The impact of rainfall and temperature variation on diarrheal prevalence in Sub-Saharan Africa." (2012) Applied Geography.

133 Bennell, Paul, Karin Hyde, and Nicola Swainson. "The impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic on the education sector in sub-Saharan Africa." (2002) Sussex, Centre for International Education, University of Sussex.

134 Munro, Alistair, Bereket Kebede, Marcela Tarazona-Gomez, and Arjan Verschoor. "The lion’s share. An experimental analysis of polygamy in Northern Nigeria." (2010) GRIPS Discussion Papers.

135 Ncube, Mthuli, and Abebe Shimeles. "The making of the middle class in Africa." (2012)

136 Menchini, Leonardo, and Giovanni Cornia. "The pace and distribution of health improvements during the last 40 years: some preliminary results." (2004) Centro Studi Luca D'Agliano Development Studies Working Papers.

137 Westoff, Charles F, and Akinrinola Bankole. "The potential demographic significance of unmet need." International Family Planning Perspectives 22, no. 1 (1996): 16-20.

138 Brockerhoff, Martin, and Ellen Brennan. "The poverty of cities in developing regions." Population and Development Review 24, no. 1 (1998): 75-114.

139 Evans, David. "The spillover impacts of Africa’s orphan crisis." (2005) Unpublished manuscript. RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA.

140 The state of demographic transition in Africa. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Economic Commission for Africa, 2001.

141 Garenne, Michel, and Veronique Joseph. "The timing of the fertility transition in sub-Saharan Africa." World Development 30, no. 10 (2002): 1835-1843.

142 MENSCH, Barbara S, Judith BRUCE, and Margaret E GREENE. "The Unchartered Passage: Girls' Adolescence in the Developing World." (1998) Population Council.

143 Bosch-Capblanch, Xavier, K Banerjee, and A Burton. "There are children not receiving a single dose of any vaccine: from ‘data to policy’in immunisation and health systems. Data quality and socio-economic determinants of unvaccination in low-and middle-income countries." AMC-University van Amsterdam, 2012.

144 Harttgen, Kenneth, Stephan Klasen, and Sebastian Vollmer. "Transformation of global agri-food systems: trends, driving forces, and implications for developing countries." GlobalFood Discussion Papers , no. 14 (2012).

145 Banerjee, Sudeshna G, Amadou B Diallo, Vivien Foster, and Quentin T Wodon. "Trends in household coverage of modern infrastructure services in Africa." (2009) World Bank Working Paper Series.

146 Adetunji, Jacob. "Trends in under-5 mortality rates and the HIV/AIDS epidemic." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 78, no. 10 (2000): 1200-1206.

147 Smits, Jeroen, and Christiaan Monden. "Twinning across the developing world." PLoS ONE 6, no. 9 (2011): e2523.

148 Bhushan, Indu. "Understanding unmet need." (1997) The John Hopkins School of Public Health Center for Communication Programs working papers.

149 Bosch-Capblanch, Xavier, K Banerjee, and A Burton. "Unvaccinated children in years of increasing coverage: how many and who are they? Evidence from 96 low-and middle-income countries." Tropical Medicine & International Health 17, no. 6 (2012): 697-710.

150 Ruel, Marie T, James L Garrett, Saul S Morris, Daniel Maxwell, Arne Oshaug, Patrice Engle, Purnima Menon, Alison Slack, and Lawrence Haddad. "Urban challenges to food and nutrition security: A review of food security, health, and caregiving in the cities." (1998) Food Consumption and Nutrition Division Discussion Paper.

151 Fink, Gunther, Isabel Gunther, and Kenneth Hill. "Urban Mortality Transitions: The Role of Slums." (2011) International Union for the Scientific Study of Population.

152 Montgomery, Mark R, and Paul C Hewett. "Urban poverty and health in developing countries: Household and neighborhood effects." Demography 42, no. 3 (2005): 397-425.

153 Fotso, Jean-Christophe, and others. "Urban-rural differentials in child malnutrition: trends and socioeconomic correlates in sub-Saharan Africa." (2006) Health & Place.

154 Sahn, David E, and David C Stifel. Urban-rural inequality in Africa. Oxford, UK: Center for the Study of African Economies at the University of Oxford, 2002.

155 Engle, Patrice L, Purnima Menon, James L Garrett, and Alison Slack. "Urbanization and caregiving: a framework for analysis and examples from southern and eastern Africa." Environment and Urbanization 9, no. 2 (1997): 253.

156 Gakidou, Emmanuela, and Effy Vayena. "Use of modern contraception by the poor is falling behind." PLoS medicine 4, no. 2 (2007): e31.

157 Programme des Nations Unies pour le Développement. "Vers le renforcement du système de suivi de la pauvreté à Madagascar." 2002.

158 Fink, Gunther, Isabel Gunther, and Kenneth Hill. Water, sanitation and child health - Evidence from the Demographic and Health Surveys 1986-2007. 2010.

159 Gunther, Isabel, and Gunther Fink. "Water, sanitation and children's health: evidence from 172 DHS surveys." (2010) World Bank Policy Research Working Paper.

160 Estache, Antonio. "What do we know about Sub-Saharan Africa’s infrastructure and the impact of its 1990s reforms?." (2005) Draft, June.

161 Kishor, Sunita, and Katherine Neitzel. "Women and Families: Evolution of the Status of Women as o Factor ond Consequences of Changes in Fomily Dynamics." (1997) 20. Examining women’s status using core demographic and health survey data.

162 Strayhorn A, Kali-Ahset. "Women's paid labor force participation and child immunization: A multilevel model." MA, Department of Sociology, University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.

163 Bhalotra, Sonia, and Marcela Umana-Aponte. "Women. s Labour Supply and Household Insurance in Africa." (2012)

164 World malaria report 2005. : Roll Back Malaria World Health Organization UNICE, 2005.

165 World population monitoring 2003: Population, education and development. New York, USA: UN, 2004.

166 Sharan, Mona, Saifuddin Ahmed, John May, and Agnes Soucat. "Yes, Africa Can: Success Stories from a Dynamic Continent." (2011) Family Planning Trends in Sub-Saharan Africa: Progress, Prospects, and Lessons Learned.

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