Value |
Category |
1111 |
Top government and judiciary officials |
1112 |
Legislators |
1113 |
Presidents and municipal authorities |
1121 |
Presidents and directors in public institutions |
1122 |
Presidents and directors in private companies and institutions |
1129 |
Other presidents and directors not elsewhere classified |
1131 |
Executives of political organizations |
1132 |
Executives of union organizations |
1133 |
Executives of business organizations |
1134 |
Executives of agricultural organizations |
1135 |
Executives of civil and religious organizations |
1211 |
Directors and managers in human resources management and marketing |
1212 |
Directors and managers in accounting, financial, banking and insurance services |
1221 |
Directors and managers in health services, civil protection and environment |
1222 |
Directors and managers in social and economic development |
1223 |
Directors and managers in schools and training centers |
1224 |
Court judges, directors and managers in legal services and law enforcement |
1225 |
Commanders of the armed forces |
1226 |
Directors in monitoring and security services |
1311 |
Directors and managers in agricultural production, forestry and fishing |
1312 |
Directors and managers in mining, oil and gas production |
1313 |
Directors and managers in the generation and supply of electricity and water |
1314 |
Directors and managers in manufacturing |
1315 |
Directors and managers in construction, repair and maintenance services |
1321 |
Directors and managers in computer sciences |
1322 |
Directors and managers in communications and telecommunication |
1323 |
Directors and managers in transport services |
1324 |
Directors and managers in research and technological development centers |
1411 |
Directors and managers of sales, merchandising, and rental services |
1412 |
Directors and managers of restaurants and hotels |
1421 |
Artistic directors and producers of film, theater and related |
1422 |
Directors and managers of museums, cinemas and other cultural and sporting facilities |
1423 |
Directors and managers in funeral services and other services |
1511 |
Coordinators and department heads in administration, human resources and marketing |
1512 |
Coordinators and department heads in accounting, financial, banking and insurance services |
1521 |
Coordinators and department heads in health services, civil protection and environment |
1522 |
Coordinators and department heads in social and economic development |
1523 |
Coordinators and department heads in schools and training centers |
1524 |
Coordinators and department heads on legal services, judges, and prosecutors |
1525 |
Captains, lieutenants and commanders of the armed forces |
1526 |
Coordinators and leaders in security and surveillance services |
1611 |
Coordinators and department heads in agricultural production, forestry and fishing |
1612 |
Coordinators and department heads in mining, oil and gas production |
1613 |
Coordinators and department heads in the generation and supply of electricity and water |
1614 |
Coordinators and department heads in manufacturing |
1615 |
Coordinators and department heads in construction, repair and maintenance services |
1619 |
Other coordinators and department heads in agricultural production, industrial, construction and maintenance services not elsewhere classified |
1621 |
Coordinators and department heads in computer sciences |
1622 |
Coordinators and department heads in communications and telecommunications |
1623 |
Coordinators and department heads in transport services |
1624 |
Coordinators and department heads in research and technological development centers |
1629 |
Other coordinators and department heads of computers sciences, telecommunications, transport and research and technological development not elsewhere classified |
1711 |
Coordinators and department heads in sales, merchandising, and rental services |
1712 |
Coordinators and heads of area restaurants and hotels |
1721 |
Coordinators and department heads in art, film, theater and related |
1722 |
Coordinators and department heads in museums, cinemas, sports and cultural |
1723 |
Coordinators and department heads at funerals and other services |
1999 |
Other directors, officers, managers, coordinators and department heads not elsewhere classified |
2111 |
Administrators and specialists in human resources and management systems |
2112 |
Specialists and consultants in marketing, advertising, communications and trade |
2113 |
Specialists in hotels and tourism |
2121 |
Accountants and auditors |
2122 |
Financial advisors and analysts |
2123 |
Economists, consultants and researchers in economic policy |
2131 |
Anthropologists, archaeologists, and historians |
2132 |
Researchers and specialists in sociology and social development |
2133 |
Researchers and specialists in political science and public administration |
2134 |
Geographers |
2135 |
Lawyers |
2141 |
Researchers and specialists in philosophy and letters (linguists) |
2142 |
Psychologists |
2143 |
Social workers |
2144 |
Specialists in archives, library, and museums |
2145 |
Priests, pastors and other theologians |
2151 |
Writers and literary critics |
2152 |
Journalists and editors |
2153 |
Translators and interpreters |
2161 |
Painters |
2162 |
Artistic cartoonists illustrators and engravers |
2163 |
Sculptors |
2164 |
Scenographers |
2171 |
Composers and arrangers |
2172 |
Musicians |
2173 |
Singers |
2174 |
Dancers and choreographers |
2175 |
Actors |
2211 |
Researchers and specialists in physics |
2212 |
Researchers and specialists in mathematics, statistics and actuarial sciences |
2221 |
Biologists and marine scientists and oceanographers |
2222 |
Chemicals |
2223 |
Ecologists and atmospheric scientists |
2231 |
Agronomist |
2232 |
Veterinarians and animal husbandry |
2233 |
Specialists in forestry |
2234 |
Specialists in fisheries and in aquaculture |
2241 |
Electrical engineers |
2242 |
Electromechanical engineers |
2251 |
Chemical engineers |
2252 |
Mechanical engineers |
2253 |
Industrial engineers |
2254 |
Mining engineers, metallurgy, and oil |
2261 |
Civil and construction engineers |
2262 |
Engineers in topography, hydrology, geology and geodesy |
2263 |
Architects, urban and transportation planners |
2271 |
Software developers and software and media analysts |
2272 |
Database administrators and computer networks |
2281 |
Communications and telecommunications engineers |
2311 |
Educational supervisors and inspectors |
2312 |
Educators, counselors, educational and other educational scientists |
2321 |
Professors and higher education instructors |
2322 |
Upper secondary teachers and equivalents |
2331 |
Secondary/middle school teachers |
2332 |
Primary school teachers |
2333 |
Literacy specialists |
2334 |
Bilingual education teachers |
2335 |
Preschool teachers |
2339 |
Other entry-level teachers not elsewhere classified |
2341 |
Teachers of people with hearing and speech problems |
2342 |
Teachers of people with learning disabilities |
2343 |
Other special education teachers |
2411 |
General and family doctors |
2412 |
Medical specialists |
2413 |
Dentists |
2421 |
Biomedical engineers |
2422 |
Optometrists |
2423 |
Nutritionist |
2424 |
Health and safety specialists and public health |
2425 |
Specialists in traditional and alternative medicine |
2426 |
Nurses |
2427 |
Physical therapists, audiologists and, speech therapists |
2428 |
Pharmacologists |
2511 |
Aids in administration, marketing, sales and foreign trade |
2512 |
Auxiliary in accounting, economics, finance and brokers |
2513 |
Customs brokers |
2514 |
Appraisers and auctioneers |
2521 |
Official prosecutors and detectives |
2522 |
Customs and border agents |
2523 |
Tax revenue and license agents |
2524 |
Social safety inspectors, prices and other public inspectors |
2531 |
Auxiliary social scientists and humanists |
2532 |
Aids in legal services |
2533 |
Nuns and preachers |
2541 |
Fashion and apparel designers |
2542 |
Industrial designers |
2543 |
Graphic designers |
2544 |
Interior, gardens and various materials (mugs, keychains, etc.) decorators |
2551 |
Announcers on radio, television and other media |
2552 |
Entertainers and event organizers |
2553 |
Clowns, mimes, and circus artists |
2561 |
Sportsmen |
2562 |
Coaches |
2563 |
Sports referees and judges |
2611 |
Auxiliary in physics, mathematics, statistics, and actuarial sciences |
2612 |
Assistants and technicians in the biological, chemical, and environmental sciences |
2613 |
Assistants and technicians in agronomy |
2614 |
Veterinary, fisheries, and forestry assistants and technicians |
2621 |
Industrial and chemical assistants and technicians |
2622 |
Surveyors, hydrology, and geology assistants and technicians |
2623 |
Mining, metallurgy, and oil assistants and technicians |
2624 |
Construction and architecture assistants and technicians |
2625 |
Technical illustrators |
2630 |
Supervisors of mechanics and technicians in maintenance and repair of mechanical equipment, motor vehicles, industrial instruments, and refrigeration equipment |
2631 |
Technical maintenance and repair of motor vehicles |
2632 |
Mechanical maintenance and repair of motor vehicles |
2633 |
Technical maintenance and repair of machinery and industrial instruments |
2634 |
Mechanical maintenance and repair of machinery and industrial instruments |
2635 |
Technical maintenance and repair of precision and musical instruments |
2636 |
Mechanical maintenance and repair of precision and musical instruments |
2637 |
Technicians in the installation, repair, and maintenance of refrigeration, air conditioning, and climate equipment |
2638 |
Mechanical installation, maintenance and repair of refrigeration, air conditioning and climate equipment |
2639 |
Other occupations of mechanics and technicians in the maintenance and repair of mechanical equipment, motor vehicles and industrial instruments not elsewhere classified |
2640 |
Supervisors of electrical technicians, electronics and telecommunications and electromechanical equipment |
2641 |
Electrical technicians |
2642 |
Electricians and linemen |
2643 |
Technicians in installment and repair electronic, telecommunications and appliance (except computer) equipment |
2644 |
Workers in installation and repair of electronic, telecommunications and appliance (except computer) equipment |
2645 |
Technicians repairing electromechanical equipment |
2646 |
Workers repairing electromechanical equipment |
2649 |
Other electrical technicians in electronics and telecommunications, and electromechanical equipment not elsewhere classified |
2651 |
Technicians in the installation and repair of networks, computers and computer systems |
2652 |
Technical operators of radio equipment |
2653 |
Recording and playback equipment assistants and technicians |
2654 |
Audio engineering, sound and lighting assistants and technicians |
2655 |
Photographers |
2661 |
Air traffic controllers |
2662 |
Traffic controllers from other transport (road, rail and sea) |
2711 |
Assistants and technicians in pedagogy and education |
2712 |
Studies and training instructors in art |
2713 |
Studies and training instructors in business and management |
2714 |
Foreign language instructors |
2715 |
Instructors and trainers in trades and work |
2716 |
Teachers in physical education and sport |
2811 |
Nurses (technical) |
2812 |
Diagnostic equipment technicians, medical treatment, podiatrists and physiotherapists |
2813 |
Medical laboratory technicians |
2814 |
Pharmaceutical assistants and technicians |
2815 |
Medical and dental prosthetic technicians |
2816 |
Diet technicians and nutritionists |
2821 |
Nursing assistants and paramedics |
2822 |
Dental assistants and auxiliaries |
2823 |
Hospital and medical auxiliaries |
2824 |
Midwives |
2825 |
Work safety and hygiene technicians |
2826 |
Healers, herbalists and bone-setters |
2827 |
Fumigation and pest control |
2991 |
Other experts not elsewhere classified |
2992 |
Other technicians not elsewhere classified |
3101 |
Supervisors of secretaries, entry operators, cashiers, and file and transport control workers |
3111 |
Secretaries |
3112 |
Stenographers, typists and the like |
3113 |
Data capture |
3114 |
Office machine operators (copier, etc.). |
3121 |
Cashiers, tellers and recipients of gambling |
3122 |
Collectors, payers and lenders |
3131 |
Workers on files and correspondence |
3132 |
Managers and workers in control of stores and warehouses |
3141 |
Transportation dispatchers |
3142 |
Transport inspectors |
3201 |
Supervisors of workers who provide and manage information |
3211 |
Receptionists and workers who provide information (personally) |
3212 |
Workers who provide information by phone (call center) and announcers |
3213 |
Telephone and telegraph workers |
3221 |
Travel agency workers |
3222 |
Tour guides in museums, casinos, parks, cinemas and other recreational facilities |
3231 |
Pollsters |
3232 |
Information encoders |
3999 |
Other secretaries, entry operators, cashiers and workers who provide information not previously classified |
4111 |
Store merchants |
4201 |
Sales managers and supervisors in establishments |
4211 |
Sales workers, dispatchers and clerks |
4212 |
Users and workers on selection of merchandise and vending machines |
4213 |
Telemarketers |
4214 |
Drivers sellers |
4221 |
Agents and sales representatives and shippers |
4222 |
Insurance agents and financial services (account executives) |
4223 |
Real estate agent |
4224 |
Catalog sellers |
4231 |
Demonstrators and promoters |
4232 |
Hostess |
4233 |
Fashion, art and advertising models |
4311 |
Workers in the rental property (houses, land, etc.). |
4312 |
Workers in the rental goods (pottery, movies, video games, etc.). |
4999 |
Other merchants, employees in sales and sales agents not elsewhere classified establishment |
5101 |
Supervisors in the preparation and serving of food and drink |
5111 |
Cooks |
5112 |
Innkeepers |
5113 |
Home cooks |
5114 |
Fast food and taco preparers (appetizers, pizzas, hot dogs, juice, coffee, etc.) |
5115 |
Bartenders |
5116 |
Waiters |
5201 |
Supervisors and workers in personal and household care |
5211 |
Hairdressers, barbers, and stylists |
5212 |
Makeup artists, manicures and pedicures |
5213 |
Lifeguards and masseurs |
5221 |
Caregivers of children, disabled and elderly in institutions |
5222 |
Caregivers of children, disabled and elderly in private homes |
5231 |
Hostesses and attendants |
5241 |
Gardeners in establishments |
5242 |
Homestead gardeners |
5251 |
Astrologers, fortune tellers and related workers |
5252 |
Workers engaged in prostitution |
5253 |
Funeral services workers |
5254 |
Animal trainers and other occupations related to pet care |
5301 |
Supervisors in protection and surveillance services |
5311 |
Firemen |
5312 |
Traffic agents and policemen |
5313 |
Wardens and guards in establishments |
5314 |
Wardens and doormen in private homes |
5401 |
Supervisors of the armed forces |
5411 |
Workers in the air force |
5412 |
Workers in the navy |
5413 |
Workers in the army |
5999 |
Other occupations in personal and surveillance services not elsewhere classified surveillance |
6101 |
Supervisors, farm managers and foremen |
6111 |
Workers in the cultivation of maize and / or beans |
6112 |
Workers in the cultivation of vegetables |
6113 |
Workers in the cultivation of coffee, cocoa and tobacco |
6114 |
Workers in the cultivation of fruits |
6115 |
Workers in the cultivation of flowers |
6116 |
Workers in other crops |
6117 |
Workers in beneficial activities for agricultural products |
6119 |
Other workers in agricultural activities not elsewhere classified |
6121 |
Workers in cattle breeding |
6122 |
Workers in the breeding of pigs |
6123 |
Workers in poultry breeding |
6124 |
Workers in the breeding of goats and sheep |
6125 |
Workers in the breeding of horses |
6126 |
Workers in beekeeping |
6127 |
Workers in the breeding and care of other animals |
6128 |
Workers benefit activities of livestock products |
6129 |
Other workers in livestock and animal husbandry, not elsewhere classified |
6131 |
Workers who combine farming with livestock |
6201 |
Supervisors, managers and supervisors of workers in fisheries, aquaculture, forestry, hunting and the like |
6211 |
Workers in fisheries |
6212 |
Workers on aquaculture activities |
6213 |
Workers in beneficial activities for fisheries or aquaculture products |
6221 |
Loggers, fellers, tree cutters, and the like |
6222 |
Rubber, gum, and resin specialists, and the like |
6223 |
Nursery and greenhouse workers |
6224 |
Workers planting activities, reforestation and forest conservation |
6225 |
Log splitters |
6226 |
Workers collecting non-cultivated plants, herbs, and roots |
6227 |
Charcoal producers |
6231 |
Hunters, trappers, and related workers |
6311 |
Operators of agricultural and forestry machinery |
6999 |
Other workers in agriculture, livestock, forestry, hunting and fishing not elsewhere classified |
7101 |
Supervisors of workers in mining, construction, and building finishing |
7111 |
Mining and extraction workers in the mining of metal ores |
7112 |
Workers in the extraction of quarry, clay, sand, stone and gravel |
7113 |
Blasters and divers in drilling and construction |
7121 |
Bricklayers, stonemasons, and related |
7122 |
Roofers (palapas setters, etc.). |
7123 |
Wood structures carpenter |
7131 |
Plasterers and other walls and ceilings coaters |
7132 |
Installers of floors, tiles, and mosaics |
7133 |
Installers insulation, waterproofing, glass, and other materials |
7134 |
Plumbers and pipe fitters |
7135 |
Painter |
7201 |
Supervisors of artisans and workers in the treatment and processing of metal products |
7211 |
Moulders, turners and cutting workers |
7212 |
Welders and flame cutters |
7213 |
Tinsmiths, sheet metal workers, braziers, and metal painters |
7214 |
Structural-metal preparers and erectors |
7221 |
Blacksmiths, aluminum setters and forging-press workers |
7222 |
Locksmiths, grinders, and tool polishing workers |
7223 |
Jewelers, goldsmiths, silversmiths and metal polishers |
7301 |
Supervisors of artisans and workers in the manufacture of wood, paper, textiles, fur, and leather |
7311 |
Carpenters, joiners, and polishers in the manufacture of wood |
7312 |
Painters and wood varnishers |
7313 |
Artisans working on stick, palm, bamboo, and wicker, except wood |
7321 |
Artisans and workers in the manufacture of paper and cardboard |
7322 |
Printers, typesetters, etchers and binders |
7323 |
Developers and photo printers |
7331 |
Workers in the preparation of fibers and yarns |
7332 |
Fiber weavers |
7341 |
Tailors and dressmakers, seamstresses, and manufacturers of clothing |
7342 |
Artisans and manufacturers of textile products |
7343 |
Sewers and embroiderers |
7344 |
Textile patterns |
7351 |
Upholsterers |
7352 |
Furriers, cutters, tanners and dyers of leather, fur and related products |
7353 |
Artisan shoemakers |
7401 |
Supervisors of artisans and workers in developing rubber products, plastics, and chemicals |
7411 |
Workers in the development and repair of rubber products, plastic, and tire vulcanization |
7412 |
Workers in the production of chemicals and chemical compounds |
7501 |
Supervisors of workers in the processing and food processing, beverages and tobacco |
7511 |
Workers in the production of meat, fish and related products |
7512 |
Workers at the dairy processing |
7513 |
Workers making bread, tortillas, pastries and other flour and cereal products |
7514 |
Workers in the production of fruit and vegetables |
7515 |
Workers in developing sugar-based products, chocolate, candy, and tobacco |
7516 |
Workers in the manufacture of oils, fats, salt and spices |
7517 |
Workers in the production of alcoholic and non alcoholic beverages |
7601 |
Supervisors of artisans and workers in the manufacture of ceramics, glass, tile and similar |
7611 |
Potters and ceramics workers |
7612 |
Workers in the manufacture of cement, lime, plaster, tile, stone and brick |
7613 |
Glass and similar workers |
7614 |
Workers in the manufacture of bone, shell, coral and similar products |
7999 |
Other craft workers not classified above |
8101 |
Supervisors of industrial machinery operators |
8111 |
Machine and equipment operators in extraction activities, mining and quarrying |
8112 |
Machine and equipment operator for extraction in oil wells |
8113 |
Machine and equipment operator for collecting, pumping and distributing water |
8114 |
Specialized mobile equipment operators for construction |
8121 |
Operators of metallurgical furnaces, sieves, and mills and machine operators of metal drawers and extruders |
8122 |
Polishing machine operators, metal plating and coating |
8123 |
Operators of machines that cut, drill, bend, punch, weld, etc.., metal parts and products |
8131 |
Operators of machines for production of chemicals |
8132 |
Operators of machines for production of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics |
8133 |
Operators of machines for the manufacture and assembly of plastic and rubber products |
8134 |
Operators of machines for water treatment |
8135 |
Operators of machines and equipment for oil and gas refining |
8141 |
Operators of machines for wood processing and production of particleboard and plywood |
8142 |
Operators of machines for the manufacture of wood, rattan, wicker and similar |
8143 |
Machine operators in the development of pulp, paper and similar |
8144 |
Operators of machines for printing and binding |
8145 |
Operators of machines for making paper and cardboard products |
8151 |
Machine and equipment operators for spinning and winding |
8152 |
Machine operators to produce knitted fabrics and carpets |
8153 |
Sewing machine operators, embroidery, and cutting for the manufacture of textiles and clothing |
8154 |
Machine operators in leather processing, leather and footwear manufacturing |
8155 |
Machine operators in finishing, bleaching, dyeing, printing, ironing, washing, textiles, leather products, fur, and similar |
8161 |
Machine operators in food processing, oils, fats, salt and spices |
8162 |
Machine operators in the preparation of tobacco |
8163 |
Machine operators in developing alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages |
8171 |
Machine operators in the production of cement, lime, plaster, and cement products |
8172 |
Machine operators in the production of ceramic, mosaic, tile and similar |
8173 |
Machine operators in making glass, glass products, and the like |
8181 |
Operators of machines and facilities for power generation |
8199 |
Other operators of industrial plant and machinery not elsewhere classified |
8201 |
Supervisors in assembly processes and assembly of machinery, tools and metal and electronic products |
8211 |
Assemblers and fitters of tools, machinery, equipment, and metal products |
8212 |
Assemblers and fitters of electrical and electronic parts |
8301 |
Supervisors of transport and mobile machinery drivers |
8311 |
Aircraft pilots |
8321 |
Captains and ship pilots |
8322 |
Ships' deck officers and deck crews |
8323 |
Ships' engineers |
8324 |
Drivers of small boats |
8331 |
Rail transport conductor (train, metro and light rail) |
8341 |
Drivers of trucks, cargo vans and cars |
8342 |
Drivers of buses, trucks, vans, taxis and passenger cars |
8343 |
Drivers in private homes |
8344 |
Motorcycle driver |
8349 |
Other drivers of motorized land transport not elsewhere classified |
8351 |
Drivers of mobile machinery for construction and mining |
8352 |
Mobile machine drivers for the movement of goods in factories, ports, shops, etc. |
8999 |
Other industrial machine operators, assemblers, and transport drivers not elsewhere classified |
9111 |
Support workers in agriculture |
9112 |
Support workers in livestock |
9113 |
Support workers who perform agricultural and livestock activities |
9121 |
Support workers in forestry activities |
9122 |
Support workers in aquaculture and fishing |
9123 |
Support workers hunting and trapping activities |
9124 |
Collectors of firewood and water carriers |
9211 |
Support workers in mining |
9212 |
Support workers in extraction activities |
9221 |
Support workers in the construction |
9222 |
Support workers in plumbing and piping |
9231 |
Support workers in developing, repairing, and maintaining mechanical equipment, machinery and metal and precision products |
9232 |
Support workers in the electrical, electronics, and communications industries |
9233 |
Support workers in the chemical, petrochemical, and plastics industries |
9234 |
Support workers in the wood, paper, and cardboard industry |
9235 |
Support workers in the textile and shoe industries |
9236 |
Support workers in the food, beverages, and tobacco industries |
9237 |
Support workers in the ceramic, glass, and similar industries |
9239 |
Support workers in industrial activities not elsewhere classified |
9311 |
Driver helpers in motorized land transport |
9312 |
Driver helpers in railways transport |
9321 |
Drivers of cycling transportation vehicles |
9322 |
Drivers of animal-powered transport (carts, carriers) |
9331 |
Loaders |
9332 |
Loaders receiving tips |
9411 |
Helpers in food preparation |
9511 |
Newspaper and lottery vendors |
9512 |
Street vendors of diverse products (excluding food sales) |
9521 |
Preparers and street food vendors |
9601 |
Supervisors in cleaning, housekeeping, of butlers and parking lots |
9611 |
Domestic workers |
9621 |
Sweepers and janitors (except in hotels and restaurants) |
9622 |
Room maids and maids |
9623 |
Hotel and restaurant waiters |
9624 |
Shoe cleaners |
9631 |
Vehicle cleaners in establishments |
9632 |
Vehicle cleaners in the street |
9633 |
Valet parking and vehicle caretakers in parking lots |
9634 |
Vehicle caretakers receiving tips |
9641 |
Launderers in establishments |
9642 |
Pressers and dry cleaners in establishments |
9643 |
Domestic launderers and pressers |
9651 |
Assistant gardener |
9661 |
Garbage and recyclable material collectors |
9662 |
Waste sorter |
9663 |
Collectors of other materials |
9711 |
Parcel workers, hotel porters and buttons |
9712 |
Packers of objects and goods |
9713 |
Support workers in the performance of shows, sports, and in amusement parks |
9721 |
Postmen (walking and cycling) |
9722 |
Mail deliverers (walking and cycling) and messengers |
9723 |
Deliverers of goods (walking and cycling) |
9731 |
Meter readers |
9732 |
Money collectors |
9733 |
Elevator operators |
9888 |
Other workers in elementary and support activities not elsewhere classified |
9998 |
Unknown |
9999 |
NIU (not in universe) |
Warning: these figures indicate the number of cases found in the data file. They cannot be interpreted as summary statistics of the population of interest.