Identification
Survey ID Number
LAO_1999_AgC_v01_M
Title
Agriculture Census 1998-1999
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Lao PDR | LAO |
Study type
Agricultural Census [ag/census]
Series Information
The Lao Agricultural Census is part of a world-wide programme of agricultural censuses, which started in the 1930's. Over 120 countries are now participating in this programme.
The Lao Agricultural Census 1998/99 was the first agricultural census undertaken in Lao PDR and covered all 141 districts in the country. The census was undertaken in two parts: a complete enumeration of all 798,000 households in Lao PDR to collect some basic data about agriculture, and a sample survey of households to collect more detailed information. This report presents results of the sample component of the census.
The sample component was undertaken using strict random sampling procedures. First, a sample of villages was selected. Then, in each sample village, a sample of households was selected for interview in the census. There were 42,028 sample households (5.3 percent of all households) in 2,454 sample villages (22 percent of all villages). The census data collection was undertaken in February and March 1999. Data were collected in respect of the 1998 wet season and 1998/99 dry season. Further information on the census methodology is given in Chapter 3.
The census was undertaken under the overall control of the Agricultural Census Steering Committee, which comprised representatives of the State Planning Committee (SPC) and the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF), according to the Prime Minister's Decree No. 21 of 9 September 1997. The Agricultural Census Office, with staff from MAF and the National Statistics Centre (NSC) of SPC, was established to implement the census.
The Lao Agricultural Census 1998/99 was the first agricultural census undertaken in Lao PDR and covered all 141 districts in the country. The census was undertaken in two parts: a complete enumeration of all 798,000 households in Lao PDR to collect some basic data about agriculture, and a sample survey of households to collect more detailed information. This report presents results of the sample component of the census.
The sample component was undertaken using strict random sampling procedures. First, a sample of villages was selected. Then, in each sample village, a sample of households was selected for interview in the census. There were 42,028 sample households (5.3 percent of all households) in 2,454 sample villages (22 percent of all villages). The census data collection was undertaken in February and March 1999. Data were collected in respect of the 1998 wet season and 1998/99 dry season. Further information on the census methodology is given in Chapter 3.
The census was undertaken under the overall control of the Agricultural Census Steering Committee, which comprised representatives of the State Planning Committee (SPC) and the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF), according to the Prime Minister's Decree No. 21 of 9 September 1997. The Agricultural Census Office, with staff from MAF and the National Statistics Centre (NSC) of SPC, was established to implement the census.
Abstract
The census was developed based on the guidelines given in FAO Statistical Development Series No.5: Programme for the World Census of Agriculture 2000 (FAO 1996), taking into account the circumstances in Lao PDR. Extra emphasis was given to data on rice, because of its importance in Lao agriculture.
One of the keys to running an agricultural census is defining a suitable "farm" unit. In the Lao Agricultural Census, the farm unit used was the agricultural holding, defined as an economic unit of agricultural production under single management, comprising all livestock raised and all agricultural land operated, regardless of ownership. An agricultural holding is sometimes referred to as a "holding" or a "farm household".
Only household units were included in the census; that is, agricultural activities of businesses, government organisations, etc. were excluded. Usually, an agricultural holding is the same as a household, but sometimes it consists of two or more households operating as a partnership.
The Lao Agricultural Census covered only those units that either:
operated 0.02 ha or more of agricultural land in the 1998 wet season or the 1998/99 dry season; or
were raising 2 or more cattle or buffaloes, 5 or more pigs or goats, or 20 or more poultry at the time of the census.
An agricultural holding can be a land holding or a livestock holding. A land holding is one that operated 0.02 ha or more of agricultural land in 1998/99. A livestock holding is an agricultural holding that is not a land holding.
One of the interesting features of the agricultural sector as the market system develops is measuring the extent to which farmers participate in the market economy. In the census, information was collected for each agricultural holding on:
the main purpose of production on the holding in 1998/99;
whether, in 1998/99, any production by the holding was sold, whether any was exchanged for other produce, and whether any was used for home consumption.
One of the keys to running an agricultural census is defining a suitable "farm" unit. In the Lao Agricultural Census, the farm unit used was the agricultural holding, defined as an economic unit of agricultural production under single management, comprising all livestock raised and all agricultural land operated, regardless of ownership. An agricultural holding is sometimes referred to as a "holding" or a "farm household".
Only household units were included in the census; that is, agricultural activities of businesses, government organisations, etc. were excluded. Usually, an agricultural holding is the same as a household, but sometimes it consists of two or more households operating as a partnership.
The Lao Agricultural Census covered only those units that either:
operated 0.02 ha or more of agricultural land in the 1998 wet season or the 1998/99 dry season; or
were raising 2 or more cattle or buffaloes, 5 or more pigs or goats, or 20 or more poultry at the time of the census.
An agricultural holding can be a land holding or a livestock holding. A land holding is one that operated 0.02 ha or more of agricultural land in 1998/99. A livestock holding is an agricultural holding that is not a land holding.
One of the interesting features of the agricultural sector as the market system develops is measuring the extent to which farmers participate in the market economy. In the census, information was collected for each agricultural holding on:
the main purpose of production on the holding in 1998/99;
whether, in 1998/99, any production by the holding was sold, whether any was exchanged for other produce, and whether any was used for home consumption.
Kind of Data
Census/enumeration data [cen]
Unit of Analysis
Agricultural holdings
Version
Version Description
v1.1: Edit data, first version, for internal use only.
Version Date
2010-06-14
Scope
Notes
The 1999 Agricultural Census covered the following topics:
1. Agricultural holdings
2. Area of holdings
3. Land use (% of land)
4. Land tenure
5. Land clearance (% of land)
6. Rice cultivation
7. Other crops (% of holdings growing crop)
8. Fruit trees (% of holdings growing crop)
9. Use of inputs (% of holdings)
10. Livestock ('000 of animals)
11. Poultry ('000 of birds)
12. Percent of holdings with livestock
13.Average animals per holding
14. Herd structure: cattle & buffaloes (%)
15. Use of vaccination (% of holdings)
16. Use of farm machinery (% of holdings)
17. Fishing (% of holdings)
18. Farm labour
19. Farming systems of ethnic groups
20. Sale of farm produce (% of holdings)
1. Agricultural holdings
2. Area of holdings
3. Land use (% of land)
4. Land tenure
5. Land clearance (% of land)
6. Rice cultivation
7. Other crops (% of holdings growing crop)
8. Fruit trees (% of holdings growing crop)
9. Use of inputs (% of holdings)
10. Livestock ('000 of animals)
11. Poultry ('000 of birds)
12. Percent of holdings with livestock
13.Average animals per holding
14. Herd structure: cattle & buffaloes (%)
15. Use of vaccination (% of holdings)
16. Use of farm machinery (% of holdings)
17. Fishing (% of holdings)
18. Farm labour
19. Farming systems of ethnic groups
20. Sale of farm produce (% of holdings)
Topics
| Topic | Vocabulary | URI |
|---|---|---|
| NATURAL ENVIRONMENT [9] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
| HOUSING AND LAND USE PLANNING [10] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
| LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT [3] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
| SOCIAL STRATIFICATION AND GROUPINGS [12] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
National coverage, covering all 141 districts in the country.
Universe
There were 798,000 private households in Lao PDR. Of these, 668,000 were agricultural holdings.
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name |
|---|
| State Planning Committee (SPC) |
| Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF) |
Producers
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| National Statistic Center, State Planning Committee | Coodinator, Technical Support, Supervisor |
| Department of Statistics | Coodinator, Technical Support, Supervisor |
| Food and Agriculture Oganization | Expert |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Swedish International Development Co-operation Authority | SIDA | Financial and technical support |
| Government of Lao | GOL | Financial Support |
Other Identifications/Acknowledgments
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Provincial Department of Planning and Cooperation | PDPC | Provincial Coodinator and Field Supervisor |
| Provincial Department of Agriculture and Forestry | PAFO | Technical Coodinator and Field Supervisor |
| District Planning Office | DPO | Field data collection |
| District Agriculture and Forestry Office | DAFO | Field data collection |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
The sample was selected using two-stage sampling: a sample of villages was first selected, and then a sample of households was selected for inclusion in the census in each sample village. Agricultural holdings were identified by asking each sample household about their crop and livestock activities. In most rural districts, over 90 percent of households were agricultural holdings.
In most districts, a sample of 18 villages was taken, and about 18 households were selected in each sample village. Thus, about 320 sample households (or about 300 sample agricultural holdings) were sampled in each district. A smaller sample was taken in districts containing few villages or households. In the predominantly urban districts of Vientiane Municipality, about 400 households were sampled.
In each district, the sample of villages was selected using stratified systematic probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling. The list of villages was created by updating the villages from the 1995 Population Census. Villages were divided into urban and rural strata, with rural areas being sampled more heavily than urban areas because of their agricultural importance. Systematic PPS sampling was used in each stratum, with the number of households from the 1995 Population Census as the size measure and a geographical ordering of villages. Where household information from the 1995 Population Census was unavailable, such as newly created villages, equal probability sampling was used.
The sample of households in each sample village was selected using stratified systematic random sampling. In each village, the enumerator prepared a list of all households, with help from the village head. The households were divided into two strata based on the village head's assessment of whether or not the household had 0.02 ha or more of agricultural land. Households were listed geographically in each stratum and the sample was selected using systematic random sampling.
Altogether, 2,468 villages were selected in the sample. The total number of sample households was 42,000, or 37,000 agricultural holdings.
In most districts, a sample of 18 villages was taken, and about 18 households were selected in each sample village. Thus, about 320 sample households (or about 300 sample agricultural holdings) were sampled in each district. A smaller sample was taken in districts containing few villages or households. In the predominantly urban districts of Vientiane Municipality, about 400 households were sampled.
In each district, the sample of villages was selected using stratified systematic probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling. The list of villages was created by updating the villages from the 1995 Population Census. Villages were divided into urban and rural strata, with rural areas being sampled more heavily than urban areas because of their agricultural importance. Systematic PPS sampling was used in each stratum, with the number of households from the 1995 Population Census as the size measure and a geographical ordering of villages. Where household information from the 1995 Population Census was unavailable, such as newly created villages, equal probability sampling was used.
The sample of households in each sample village was selected using stratified systematic random sampling. In each village, the enumerator prepared a list of all households, with help from the village head. The households were divided into two strata based on the village head's assessment of whether or not the household had 0.02 ha or more of agricultural land. Households were listed geographically in each stratum and the sample was selected using systematic random sampling.
Altogether, 2,468 villages were selected in the sample. The total number of sample households was 42,000, or 37,000 agricultural holdings.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 1999-02-22 | 1999-03-19 |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Supervision
1. National Statistic Center, State Planning Committee.
2. Provincial Planning department.
3. Division of Statistic, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
4. Provincial Agriculture and Forestry Department.
2. Provincial Planning department.
3. Division of Statistic, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
4. Provincial Agriculture and Forestry Department.
Data Collection Notes
The Lao Agricultural Census involves the collection of information on crops and livestock from all 800,000 households in Lao PDR. It was conducted in all 141 districts 17 provinces and 1 Xaysomboon special region in whole country.
Two types of data collection are being undertaken.
In some villages (so-called sample villages), enumerators will collect detailed crop and livestock information from some households, and some basic crop and livestock information from all other households. In all other villages (so-called CE villages), enumerators will collect basic crop and livestock information from all households. No detailed data will be collected.
Two groups of enumerators have been formed for the census data collection. One group will do the data collection in the sample villages (sample enumerators); the other group will do the data collection in the CE villages (CE enumerators).
The timetable for census enumeration is:
4-15 January 1999: Field supervisor training.
3-12 February 1999: Enumerator training (sample enumerators).
15-18 February 1999: Enumerator training (CE enumerators).
18 February 1999: Training of district supervisors.
22 February-19 March 1999: Data collection.
19 March 1999: Deadline for return of questionnaires to the field supervisors.
Two types of data collection are being undertaken.
In some villages (so-called sample villages), enumerators will collect detailed crop and livestock information from some households, and some basic crop and livestock information from all other households. In all other villages (so-called CE villages), enumerators will collect basic crop and livestock information from all households. No detailed data will be collected.
Two groups of enumerators have been formed for the census data collection. One group will do the data collection in the sample villages (sample enumerators); the other group will do the data collection in the CE villages (CE enumerators).
The timetable for census enumeration is:
4-15 January 1999: Field supervisor training.
3-12 February 1999: Enumerator training (sample enumerators).
15-18 February 1999: Enumerator training (CE enumerators).
18 February 1999: Training of district supervisors.
22 February-19 March 1999: Data collection.
19 March 1999: Deadline for return of questionnaires to the field supervisors.
Data Collectors
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation |
|---|---|---|
| District of Planning Office | DPO | State Planning Committee |
| District of Agriculture and Forestry Office | DAFO | Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. |
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
Form 4: Short Questionnaire (Form 4)
Form 5: Long Questionnaire (Form 5)
Form 8: Part C Continuation Sheet
Form 9: Part D Continuation Sheet
Form 10: Part E Continuation Sheet
Form 11: Part F Continuation Sheet
Form 12: Part I Continuation Sheet
Form 5: Long Questionnaire (Form 5)
Form 8: Part C Continuation Sheet
Form 9: Part D Continuation Sheet
Form 10: Part E Continuation Sheet
Form 11: Part F Continuation Sheet
Form 12: Part I Continuation Sheet
Data Processing
Data Editing
1. National Statistic Center, State Planning Committee.
2. Division of Statistic, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
Errors to be corrected during the data entry:
"Fatal" error; that is, the data are wrong and should be corrected in the editing process (not during the data entry).
"Query" error; that is, the data might be wrong and should be checked during the editing process (not during the data entry).
2. Division of Statistic, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
Errors to be corrected during the data entry:
"Fatal" error; that is, the data are wrong and should be corrected in the editing process (not during the data entry).
"Query" error; that is, the data might be wrong and should be checked during the editing process (not during the data entry).
Other Processing
At headquarters:
1. Manual checking, editing and coding.
2. Destop computer 20 used.
3. Data entry in Microsoft Access programe Database.
4. SPSS data processing (Tabulation).
5. Microsoft wolrd (Reporting).
6. Microft Exel (Tabulation).
1. Manual checking, editing and coding.
2. Destop computer 20 used.
3. Data entry in Microsoft Access programe Database.
4. SPSS data processing (Tabulation).
5. Microsoft wolrd (Reporting).
6. Microft Exel (Tabulation).
Access policy
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation | |
|---|---|---|
| Mr. Souksavanh INTHARACK | DOP, MAF | souksavanh_inth@yahoo.com |
| Mr. Bounloy | DOS, MPI |
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| General Director | Department of Planning, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry |
Confidentiality
To make no copies of any files or portions of files to which s/he is granted access except those authorized by the data depositor.
Access conditions
The data and other materials will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement of the Lao PDR National Data Archive.
Citation requirements
"Department of Planning, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Lao PDR, Lao Agriculture Census 1998-1999 (LAC 1998-1999), Version 1.1 (June 2010)."
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The user of the data acknowledges that the Department of Planning, MAF and Department of Statistics, MPI bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI_LAO_1999_AgC_v02_M
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mr Souksavanh INTHARACK | SI | Department of Planning, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry | Documenter |
| Mr. Bounloy Sengkhamyong | BS | Department of Statistics, Ministry of Planning and Investment | Documenter |
| Mr. Viengkham SOMSAAT | VS | Department of Statistics, Ministry of Planning and Investment | Database specialist |
Date of Metadata Production
2010-06-14
DDI Document version
Version 02 (December 2013). Edited version based on Version 1.0 (June 2010) DDI (DDI-LAO-MAF-LAC-1998_1999-v1.0) that was done by Mr Souksavanh INTHARACK (Department of Planning, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry), Mr. Bounloy Sengkhamyong and Mr. Viengkham SOMSAAT (Department of Statistics, Ministry of Planning and Investment).