| Author(s) | 
                                                        Ceentral Statistical Office Ministry of Labour and Social Security | 
                                                    
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                        | Date | 
                                                        2013-09-01 | 
                                                    
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                        | Country | 
                                                        Zambia | 
                                                    
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                        | Language | 
                                                        English | 
                                                    
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                        | Contributor(s) | 
                                                        Central Statistical Office, Ministry of Labour and Social Security, International Labour Organisation | 
                                                    
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                        | Publisher(s) | 
                                                        Central Statistical Office | 
                                                    
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                        | Description | 
                                                        This report presents results of the 2012 Labour Force Survey (LFS) undertaken between November and December 2012. It is the fourth LFS after the 1986, 2005 and the 2008 surveys. The survey was conducted by the Central Statistical Office (CSO) in collaboration with the Ministry of Labour and Social Security (MLSS). The survey was funded by the Government of the Republic of Zambia. 
 
The main objective of the 2012 LFS was to collect data on the social and economic activities of the population, including detailed information on employment, unemployment, underemployment, wages, informal sector, general characteristics of the labour force and economically inactive population. The survey was designed to specifically measure and monitor Key Indicators of the Labour Market (KILM) such as employment levels, unemployment, income and child labour in Zambia. 
 
However, indicators on child labour are not part of this report. There will be a separate report on child labour later this year. The measurement of the KILM was with a view to informing users and policy-makers for decision-making. The methodology used in carrying out the survey and the design of questionnaire conform to internationally acceptable standards. | 
                                                    
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                        | Table of contents | 
                                                        vii Foreword 
ix Executive Summary 
1 Chapter 1: Overview of Zambian Economy and Employment 
 
1 1.1 Introduction 
1 1.2. Background 
1 1.3. Administration 
1 1.4. Population 
1 1.5. Economy 
1 1.6. Employment 
1 1.7. Poverty 
 
4 Chapter 2: Methodology 
 
4 2.1 Coverage of the 2012 Labour Force Survey 
4 2.2 Questionnaires 
4 2.3 Sampling Design and Implementation 
4 2.3.1 Sampling Frame and Strati?cation 
4 2.3.2 Sample allocation and selection 
6 2.5 Training of Interviewers and Supervisors 
6 2.6 Field Work 
6 2.7 Data Processing 
6 2.8 Estimation Procedure 
7 2.9 Quality Control 
7 2.10. Limitations 
 
10 Chapter 3: Concepts and Definitions 
10 Introduction 
 
14 Chapter 4: Demographic Characteristics of the Population 
 
14 Summary 
15 4.1 Introduction 
15 4.2 Population Size and Distribution 
17 4.3 Marital Status 
18 4.4 Relationship to Household Head 
19 4.5 Distribution of Households and Average Household Size 
19 4.6 Age of Household Head 
20 4.6 Household Headship 
23 5.2 Labour Force Participation Rate (Activity Rate) 
26 5.3 Economically Active Population 
27 5.4 Economically Inactive 
 
22 Chapter 5 Economically Active and Inactive Population 
 
22 Summary 
23 5.2 Labour Force Participation Rate (Activity Rate) 
26 5.3 Economically Active Population 
27 5.4 Economically Inactive Population 
 
32 Chapter 6: Employed Population 
 
32 Summary 
33 6.1 Introduction 
33 6.2 Employment-to-Population Ratio 
33 6.3 Employed Population by Status in Employment 
33 6.4 Employed Population by Sex, Marital Status and Status in Employment 
34 6.5 Status in Employment by Literacy 
35 6.6 Employed Population by Province and Status in Employment 
36 6.7 Employed Population by Occupation and Educational Level 
36 6.8 Employed Population by Occupation, Sex and Rural/Urban 
37 6.9 Employed Population by Occupation and Age Group 
38 6.10 Employed Population by Industry 
38 6.11 Employed Population by Industry and Sex 
39 6.12 Employed Population by Industry and Educational Level 
40 6.13 Employed Population by Industry and Province 
40 6.14 Employed Population by Industry and Status in Employment 
41 6.15 Part-Time Employment Rate 
 
46 Chapter 7: Under Employed Population 
 
46 Summary 
47 7.1 Introduction 
47 7.2 Time-Related Underemployment 
47 7.3 Underemployment by Sex Rural/Urban and Province 
47 7.4 Underemployment Rate by Age Group 
48 7.5 Underemployment Rate by Occupation 
48 7.6 Under-Employment Rate by Industry 
49 7.7 Underemployment Rate by Status in Employment 
49 7.8 Hours of Work 
50 7.10 Hours of Work by Occupation 
50 7.11 Hours of Work by Status in Employment 
50 7.9 Hours of Work by Sex and Rural/Urban 
51 7.12 Hours of Work by Industry 
52 7.13 Average Weekly Hours of Work by Employment Sector 
 
54 Chapter 8: Formal and Informal Sector Employment 
 
54 Summary 
55 8.1 Introduction 
558.2 Operational Definition of Formal Sector Employment 
55 8.2.1. Employment by Sector of Employment, Rural/Urban and Province 
56 8.2.2. Employment by Sex and Employment Sector 
56 8.2.3. Employment by Age Group and Employment Sector 
57 8.2.4 Employment by Occupation 
57 8.2.5 Employment by Industry 
58 8.2.6 Employment by Institutional Sector 
58 8.2.7 Formal Sector Employment by Sex, Rural/Urban and Province 
59 8.2.8 Employed Population in Agriculture/Non agriculture Industry by formal/Informal Sector 
59 8.2.9 Employed Population in Agriculture/Non agriculture Industry by formal/Informal Sector 
60 8.3. Formal Sector Employment 
60 8.3.1 Formal Sector Employment by Occupation in the Agriculture and Non-agriculture Industry 
61 8.3.2 Formal Sector Employment by Industry in the Agriculture and Non-agriculture 
62 8.3.3 Formal Sector Employment by Educational Level 
62 8.4 Informal Sector Employment 
62 8.4.1 Informal Sector Employment by Occupation in the Agriculture and Non-agriculture 
62 8.4.2 Informal Sector Employment by Industry in the Agriculture and Non-agriculture 
63 8.4.3 Informal Sector Employment by Educational Level and Sex 
64 8.5 Formally and Informally Employed Population 
64 8.5.1 Employed population by Employment Type 
64 8.5.2 Employment by Age Group and Employment Type 
65 8.5.3 Employed population by Occupation and Employment Type 
65 8.5.4 Employed population by Industry and Employment Type 
 
68 Chapter 9: Unemployment 
 
68 Summary 
69 9.1 Introduction 
69 9.2 Unemployed Population by Age Group, Sex and Rural/Urban 
70 9.3 Unemployed Population by Sex, Rural/Urban and Province 
71 9.4 Unemployed Population by Literacy, Education level and Sex 
71 9.5 Youth Unemployment 
 
76 Chapter 10: Income for Paid Employees 
 
76 Summary 
77 10.1. Introduction 
77 10.1.1. Average Earnings in the formal and Informal Sector 
77 10.1.2. Average Monthly Earnings by Sex, Rural/Urban and Province 
77 10.1.3. Average Monthly Earnings by Industry 
78 10.1.4. Average Monthly Earnings by Occupation 
79 10.1.5. Average Monthly Earnings by Institutional Sector 
79 10.1.6. Average Monthly Earnings by Status in Employment 
80 10.1.7. Average Monthly Earnings by Educational Level Attained 
80 10.1.8. Average Monthly Earnings by Formal/Informal Employment 
81 10.2. Income Group Earnings 
81 10.2.1. Income Group Earnings by Sex, Rural/Urban and Province 
81 10.3.2. Income Group Earnings by Industry 
82 10.2.3. Income Group Earnings by Occupation 
83 10.2.4. Income Group Earnings by Institutional Sector 
84 10.2.5. Income Group Earnings by Status in Employment 
84 10.2.6. Income Group Earnings by Educational Level 
84 10.2.7. Income Group Earnings by Employment Type 
 
86 Chapter 11: Skills Training 
 
86 Summary 
87 11.1 Introduction 
87 11.2. Skills Training 
87 11.2.1. Skills Trainings Status for Working Age Population (15 years and older) 
88 11.2.2. Skills Trainings Status of Employed Population (15 years and older) 
90 11.3. Duration of Skills Training | 
                                                    
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
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