Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2015-2016
Turkmenistan, 2015 - 2016
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TKM_2015_MICS_v01_M
Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2015-2016
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Turkmenistan | TKM |
Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey - Round 5 [hh/mics-5]
Since its inception in 1995, the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, known as MICS, has become the largest source of statistically sound and internationally comparable data on women and children worldwide. In countries as diverse as Costa Rica, Mali and Qatar, trained fieldwork teams conduct face-to-face interviews with household members on a variety of topics – focusing mainly on those issues that directly affect the lives of children and women. MICS has been a major source of data on the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) indicators and will be a major data source in the post-2015 era.
The Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, Round 5 (MICS5) is the fifth round of MICS surveys, previously conducted around 1995 (MICS1), 2000 (MICS2), 2005-2007 (MICS3) and 2009-2011 (MICS4). MICS was originally developed to support countries measure progress towards an internationally agreed set of goals that emerged from the 1990 World Summit for Children.
The fifth round of Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS5) is scheduled for 2013-2016 and survey results are expected to be available from 2015 onwards. Data collected in MICS5 will play a critical role in the final assessment of the MDGs in September 2015 and subsequent surveys in MICS6 will provide the baselines for the Sustainable Development Goals that will follow.
Information on more than 130 internationally agreed-upon indicators is being collected through MICS5. In addition to collecting information on intervention coverage, MICS also explores knowledge of and attitudes to certain topics, and specific behaviors of women, men and children, enabling analysts to gain insights into behaviours that may affect women’s and children’s lives. MICS routinely disaggregates data so that disparities associated with age, gender, education, wealth, location of residence, ethnicity and other characteristics are revealed.
The 2015-2016 Turkmenistan Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), conducted between September 2015 and January 2016 by the State Committee of Statistics of Turkmenistan. Financial support was provided by the Government of Turkmenistan and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), with additional support of the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). Technical support was provided by UNICEF.
The 2015-2016 Turkmenistan MICS is a nationally representative survey of 6,101 households, of which 5,974 were found to be occupied. Of these, 5,861 were successfully interviewed for a household response rate of 98 percent. In the interviewed households 7,693 women (age 15-49 years) were identified and 3,785 children under age five. Individual questionnaires were completed for 7,618 women and for 3,765 children. The sample allows for the estimation of some key indicators at the national level, for urban and rural areas, and for 6 regions (Ashgabat city and 5 velayats).
The 2015-2016 Turkmenistan MICS is expected to contribute to the evidence base of several important policies and strategies as well as to form part of the baseline data for the post-2015 era, in particular for monitoring progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Sample survey data [ssd]
- Individuals
- Households
Version
- v01: Edited, anonymous datasets for public distribution.
Scope
The scope of the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey includes:
- Household: List of Household Members, Education, Child Labour, Child Discipline, Household Characteristics, Water and Sanitation, Handwashing, and Salt Iodization;
- Women: Woman's Background, Access to Mass Media and Use of Information/Communication Technology, Fertility/Birth History, Desire for Last Birth, Maternal and Newborn Health, Post-natal Health Checks, Illness Symptoms, Marriage/Union13, Contraception, Unmet Need, Attitudes Toward Domestic Violence and HIV/AIDS;
- Children: Age, Birth Registration, Early Childhood Development, Breastfeeding and Dietary Intake, Immunization, Care of Illness and Anthropometry.
Coverage
National
The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), all women aged between 15-49 years, all children under 5 living in the household.
Producers and sponsors
| Name |
|---|
| United Nations Children’s Fund |
| State Committee of Statistics of Turkmenistan |
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| Government of Turkmenistan | Financial and technical support |
| United Nations Population Fund | Financial support |
Sampling
The primary objective of the sample design for the 2015-2016 Turkmenistan MICS was to produce statistically reliable estimates of most indicators, at the national level, for urban and rural areas, and for the six regions of the country: Ashgabat city (capital) and five velayats (regions) – Ahal, Balkan, Dashoguz, Lebap and Mary. Urban and rural areas in each of the five velayats (regions) in addition to Ashgabat city (only urban) were defined as the sampling strata (11 main strata).
A multi-stage, stratified cluster sampling approach was used for the selection of the survey sample.
The sample size for the 2015- 2016 Turkmenistan MICS was calculated as 6,200 households. For the calculation of the sample size, the key indicator used was the percentage of married women using a contraceptive method from the 2006 Turkmenistan MICS.
The number of households selected per cluster for the 2015-2016 Turkmenistan MICS was determined as 20 households, based on a number of considerations, including a review of the design effects for the estimates of key indicators from the 2006 Turkmenistan MICS data, the budget available, and the time that would be needed per team to complete one cluster.
Selection of 20 households in each sample segment in all regions, resulted in a total target sample of 310 segments and 6200 households. Within each region the sample was allocated proportionately to the urban and rural strata.
For the first sampling stage, the enumeration areas were defined as PSUs selected within each stratum (region, urban/rural) systematically with PPS from the ordered list of PSUs in the sampling frame. The measures of size for the enumeration areas were based on the number of households identified in the sampling frame of the 2012 Census. The PSUs within each stratum were ordered geographically, in order to provide implicit geographic stratification and ensure a proportional distribution of the sample to all parts of the region.
Since the sampling frame (the 2012 Census) was not up-to-date, a new listing of households was conducted in all the sample enumeration areas prior to the selection of households. For this purpose, listing teams were formed who visited all of the selected enumeration areas and listed all households in the enumeration areas.
Listing training was held in the period 16-19 June 2015 (4 days) in Ashgabat city. The training was attended by 3 cartographers, 3 listers, 1 reserve and 1 supervisor from each velayat/Ashgabat city (in total 48 participants). The training program consisted of two parts, the first 1.5 days for theoretical knowledge followed by 1.5 days for conducting a pilot in the field – to implement acquired knowledge into practice.
During the period from 22 June to 16 July 2015 in all regions of Turkmenistan work on the mapping and household listing in the clusters for the MICS was carried out in accordance with the schedule of activities developed by the State Statistical Committee of Turkmenistan. During the listing the following materials were used:
- Manual for Mapping and Household Listing
- Listing Forms
- Schematic maps from the 2012 Census in printed form.
Lists of households were prepared by the listing teams in the field for each enumeration area. The households were then sequentially numbered from 1 to n (the total number of households in each enumeration area) at the State Statistical Committee of Turkmenistan, where the selection of 20 households in each enumeration area was carried out using random systematic selection procedures.
The sampling procedures are more fully described in "Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2015-16 - Final Report" pp.182-185.
Of the 6,100 households selected for the sample, one dwelling unit was found to be occupied by two households, leading to a total of 6,101 households in the final sample. Of the 6,101 households, 5,974 were found to be occupied. Of these, 5,861 were successfully interviewed for a household response rate of 98 percent.
In the interviewed households 7,693 women (age 15-49 years) were identified. Of these, 7,618 were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 99 percent within the interviewed households.
There were 3,785 children under age five listed in the household questionnaires. Questionnaires were completed for 3,765 of these children, which corresponds to a response rate of almost 100 percent within interviewed households.
Overall response rates of 97 and 98 percent are calculated for the individual interviews of women and under-5s, respectively.
Sample weights were calculated and these were used in the subsequent analyses of the survey data.
The major component of the weight is the reciprocal of the sampling fraction employed in selecting the number of sample households in that particular sampling stratum (h) and PSU (i).
A final component in the calculation of sample weights takes into account the level of non-response for the household and individual interviews. The adjustment for household non-response in each stratum is equal to: 1/RRh
The non-response adjustment factors for the individual women and under-5 questionnaires were applied to the adjusted household weights. The number of eligible women and under-5 children in each sample EA were obtained from the roster of household members in the Household Questionnaire for households where interviews were completed.
The design weights for the households were calculated by multiplying the inverse of the probabilities of selection by the non-response adjustment factor for each enumeration area. These weights were then standardized (or normalized), one purpose of which is to make the weighted sum of the interviewed sample units equal to the unweighted total number of sample units at the national level. Normalization is achieved by dividing the full sample weights (adjusted for nonresponse) by the average of these weights across all households at the national level. This is performed by multiplying the sample weights by a constant factor equal to the unweighted number of households at the national level divided by the weighted total number of households (using the full sample weights adjusted for nonresponse). A similar standardization procedure was followed for obtaining standardized weights for the individual women and under-5 questionnaires. Adjusted (normalized) household weights varied between 0.212032929 and 2.525432708 in the 305 sample enumeration areas (clusters), excluding 5 missing clusters.
Sample weights were appended to all data sets and analyses were performed by weighting households, women, or under-5s with these sample weights.
Survey instrument
The questionnaires for the Generic MICS were structured questionnaires based on the MICS5 model questionnaire with some modifications and additions. Household questionnaires were administered in each household, which collected various information on household members including sex, age and relationship. The household questionnaire includes List of Household Members, Education, Child Labour, Child Discipline, Household Characteristics, Water and Sanitation, Handwashing, and Salt Iodization.
In addition to a household questionnaire, questionnaires were administered in each household for women age 15-49 and children under age five. The questionnaire was administered to the mother or primary caretaker of the child.
The women's questionnaire includes Woman's Background, Access to Mass Media and Use of Information/Communication Technology, Fertility/Birth History, Desire for Last Birth, Maternal and Newborn Health, Post-natal Health Checks, Illness Symptoms, Marriage/Union13, Contraception, Unmet Need, Attitudes Toward Domestic Violence and HIV/AIDS.
The children's questionnaire includes Child's Age, Birth Registration, Early Childhood Development, Breastfeeding and Dietary Intake, Immunization, Care of Illness and Anthropometry.
From the MICS5 model English and Russian version, the questionnaires were customised and translated into the Turkmen language and were pre-tested. A pre-test of the paper version of questionnaires in Russian and Turkmen languages (first pre-test, 12 days) was conducted in Ahal velayat (rural area) and Ashgabat city in July 2015. 200 households were interviewed – 100 using the Turkmen language questionnaires and 100 using Russian language questionnaires. A second pre-test was conducted in August 2015 in 100 households using tablets with revised questionnaires. Based on the results of the pre-tests, modifications were made to the wording and translation of the questionnaires as well as in the application for tablets.
Data collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2015-09 | 2016-01 |
| Name |
|---|
| State Committee of Statistics of Turkmenistan |
There is one supervisor for each of the 6 data collection teams in the field.
Training for the fieldwork was conducted for 30 working days in the period August-September 2015. Training was divided into 2 phases. In the first phase (2 weeks), training was conducted using paper questionnaires and in the second phase using tablets. Training included lectures on interviewing techniques and the contents of the questionnaires, and conducting interviews between trainees to gain practice in asking questions, practical work on tablets, such as assigning households by supervisors, sending and receiving assigned households, data collection, error solving. Towards the end of the training period (September 2015), trainees spent two days in practice interviewing in Ashgabat city (urban area) and Ahal velayat (rural area) and one day on the anthropometric measurement in the preschool institutions in Ashgabat city.
The data were collected by 6 teams; each was comprised of 4 interviewers (1 reserve), two drivers, one measurer and a supervisor. Fieldwork began in September 2015 and concluded in January 2016.
Data processing
Data were entered using the CSPro software, Version 5.0. Data collection was carried out on tablets by 37 interviewers and 6 supervisors. Using a tablets facilitated many tasks related to control and management, including:
- assigning households to the interviewers,
- receiving collected data from the interviewers,
- checking household questionnaires and individual questionnaires,
- finalising the cluster,
- preparing the data files to be sent to the Central Office.
Procedures and standard programs developed under the global MICS programme and adapted to the 2015-2016 Turkmenistan MICS questionnaire were used throughout. Data processing began simultaneously with data collection in September 2015 and was completed in January 2016. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, Version 21. Model syntax and tabulation plans developed by UNICEF were customized and used for this purpose.
Regular monitoring of the data collection and other relevant processes was carried out by UNICEF staff, consultants (both national and international) as well as by management and staff of the State Committee of Statistics (Turkmenstat) responsible for implementation of the 2015-2016 Turkmenistan MICS.
Data appraisal
Sampling errors are a measure of the variability between the estimates from all possible samples. The extent of variability is not known exactly, but can be estimated statistically from the survey data.
The following sampling error measures are presented in this appendix for each of the selected indicators:
- Standard error (se): Standard error is the square root of the variance of the estimate. For survey indicators that are means, proportions or ratios, the Taylor series linearization method is used for the estimation of standard errors. For more complex statistics, such as fertility and mortality rates, the Jackknife repeated replications method is used for standard error estimation.
- Coefficient of variation (se/r) is the ratio of the standard error to the value (r) of the indicator, and is a measure of the relative sampling error.
- Design effect (deff) is the ratio of the actual variance of an indicator, under the sampling method used in the survey, to the variance calculated under the assumption of simple random sampling based on the same sample size. The square root of the design effect (deft) is used to show the efficiency of the sample design in relation to the precision. A deft value of 1.0 indicates that the sample design of the survey is as efficient as a simple random sample for a particular indicator, while a deft value above 1.0 indicates an increase in the standard error due to the use of a more complex sample design.
- Confidence limits are calculated to show the interval within which the true value for the population can be reasonably assumed to fall, with a specified level of confidence. For any given statistic calculated from the survey, the value of that statistic will fall within a range of plus or minus two times the standard error (r + 2.se or r – 2.se) of the statistic in 95 percent of all possible samples of identical size and design.
For the calculation of sampling errors from MICS data, programs developed in CSPro Version 5.0, SPSS Version 21 Complex Samples module and CMRJack have been used.
Sampling errors are calculated for indicators of primary interest, for the national level, for urban and rural areas, and for all regions. Eight of the selected indicators are based on households members, 16 are based on women, and 14 are based on children under 5.
A series of data quality tables are available to review the quality of the data and include the following:
- Age distribution of the household population
- Age distribution of eligible and interviewed women
- Age distribution of children under 5 in household and children under 5 questionnaires
- Birth date reporting: Household population
- Birth date and age reporting: Women
- Birth date and age reporting: Under-5s
- Birth date reporting: Children, adolescents and young people
- Birth date reporting: First and last births
- Completeness of reporting
- Completeness of information for anthropometric indicators: Underweight
- Completeness of information for anthropometric indicators: Stunting
- Completeness of information for anthropometric indicators: Wasting
- Heaping in anthropometric measurements
- Observation of birth certificates
- Observation of vaccination cards at home and in health facility
- Observation of places for handwashing
- Respondent to the under-5 questionnaire
- School attendance by single age
- Sex ratio at birth among children ever born and living
- Births by periods preceding the survey
- Reporting of age at death in days
- Reporting of age at death in months
The results of each of these data quality tables are shown in appendix D in document "Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2015-16 - Final Report" pp.202-214.
Access policy
UNICEF
UNICEF
http://mics.unicef.org/surveys
Cost: None
Depositor information
| Name |
|---|
| United Nations Children's Fund |
Data Access
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Childinfo | UNICEF | http://www.childinfo.org/mics4_surveys.html | mics@unicef.org |
| Is signing of a confidentiality declaration required? | Confidentiality declaration text |
|---|---|
| yes | Users of the data agree to keep confidential all data contained in these datasets and to make no attempt to identify, trace or contact any individual whose data is included in these datasets. |
Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download.
Example,
United Nations Children’s Fund, State Committee of Statistics of Turkmenistan. Turkmenistan Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2015-2016, Ref. TKM_2015_MICS_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from [url] on [date].
Disclaimer and copyrights
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Contacts
| Name | |
|---|---|
| The State Committee of Statistics of Turkmenistan | tm.hasabat@mail.ru |
| UNICEF | ashgabat@unicef.org |