| Value | Category |
|---|---|
| -9 | Don't know (spontaneous) |
| 0 | No effects from informal or unregistered firms |
| 1 | Copyright, trademark, or patent infringement |
| 2 | Fraudulent product certifications |
| 3 | Tax avoidance |
| 4 | Hiring of informal labor |
| 5 | Undercutting prices |
| 6 | Other effect |
| Sysmiss |