In the absence of any extra familialwelfare system, most elderly persons in India tend to live with their children. Little is however known about their living conditions. The present paper attempts to bridge this gap of the literature and examines the living arrangements of elderly men and women in rural India with a view to derive implications of old age security. An analysis of the recent National Sample Survey data suggests that a majority of elderly men and women with children tend to corside with children and enjoy a higher per capita household expenditure compared to non-coresident elderly persons. While ownership of property and financial assets among the elderly tend to enhance the likelihood of coresidence, physical immobility of the elderly tend to reduce it. There is little evidence that economically active sons with schooling are more likely to support their elderly parents. These results tend to highlight the problems of caring for the elderly, especially when they do not have wealth, health or both.