Quantity and quality of schooling obtained and theresulting skills and knowledge acquired are important components of human capital. We describe the distri-bution of selected measures of schooling, educational achievement, and cognitive functioning among individu-als who participated as children in a nutrition supple-mentation trial in Guatemala and were followed up in2002–04. Among 1,469 respondents (response rate 80%),who were 26–41 years of age in 2003, more than 90% ofmen and women had attended at least some school; more than half of men and more than one-third of women had completed sixth grade. Schooling attainment of both menand women has increased across birth cohorts but theschooling gap between men and women has increased.Parental socioeconomic status, as measured in 1975, is astrong predictor of schooling attainment. Basic literacy ishigh among those studied, with more than 80% able toread simple sentences. The gap in educational achieve-ment favoring men narrowed across birth cohorts due to increases among younger women. The greater perform-ance among men on the Raven’s Progressive Matrices testpersisted despite increased scores in the younger birth cohorts for both men and women. Migrants to Guatemala City have completed more years of school and scored higher on the tests of educational achievement and cog-nitive functioning than have cohort members who have remained in the study villages