Anti-poverty policy in developing countries has focused mainly on the measurement and location ofpoverty and the targeting of policy towards those who are currently poor. Recently, the research efforthas been extended to cover those judged to be not poor at present but vulnerable to poverty in thefuture. We concentrate on two aspects: inadequate education and child labor, which are closelyassociated with chronic poverty. We develop and apply new methods for the measurement andempirical analysis of vulnerability to future premature school leaving and/or onset of child labor.Guatemalan survey data are used for the illustrative application