This summary of the World Bank’s Second Investment Climate Assessment of South Africa reviews some of the key business environment constraints to growth and job creation in the country. The assessment analyzes results of a World Bank survey of enterprises undertaken in 2008 along with similar data on a group of comparators, and draws on the broader development policy literature on South Africa. It is a sequel to a 2003 assessment that examined the same issues based on a similar survey carried out by the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) and the World Bank.