This chapter discusses land tenure and urban economy conditions in Ethiopia and the implications of both for reintegrating ex-soldiers back into the community. It describes and assesses the objectives of the demobilization and reintegration programmes and their implementation. It then examines the outcomes for ex-soldiers who entered the urban economy, the efficiency of the targeted aid to ex-soldiers, and the extent of their reintegration in the rural economy. The chapter concludes by setting out the lessons that emerge from the Ethiopian experience.