This publication is intended to provide guidance in addressing the emerging issues identified in the survey, including the high burden of HIV/AIDS and the high burden of HSV-2 and other STIs, as well as their role in accelerating HIV transmission. The document also addresses the factors underlying the low levels and deteriorating indicators of HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes and behaviours. In addition, the document highlights recommendations to address the low levels of programme coverage regarding VCT, PMTCT, ART and social support services for orphans and vulnerable children (OVCs). Finally the document underscores the need for designing and implementing such studies in the future to complement routine data sources. Following this introduction chapter, this document is divided into 11 chapters. Chapter 2 describes the data and methods used in the analysis. Chapters 3 and 4 present highlights of the magnitude and distribution of HIV infection, HSV-2 and syphilis. In chapter 5 UHSBS data validity and comparisons with other data sources are described. Chapter 6 presents the burden of HIV/AIDS in Uganda based on mathematical modelling. Chapters 7-10 present information on knowledge of HIV/AIDS, attitudes regarding HIV/AIDS, adult HIV/AIDS-related behaviour, and youth sexual behaviour, respectively. In chapter 11, factors associated with HIV risk are discussed while in chapter 12, the burden of and social support services for orphans and vulnerable children are described. Finally, indicators of coverage of HCT and PMTCT services are described in chapter 13 and chapter 14 presents the conclusions. - See more at: http://www.popline.org/node/198179#sthash.g0x6Rtw1.dpuf