The present chapter provides a review of the main aspects of design and implementation of household sample surveys (household sample surveys) in transition countries in the last decade, 1991-2000. In addition, the chapter presents information from 14 countries in transition on operational aspects of these surveys. Statistical offices of these countries delivered this information in 2001 by filling out special questionnaires and in some cases, they subsequently updated it. This chapter consists of two sections: Section A provides a general assessment of household surveys in transition countries. Section B contains case studies of household sample surveys in selected transition countries. Section A presents a synthesis of the main features of household surveys in transition countries. In particular, two main types of surveys are considered: the household budget survey (HBS), and the labour-force survey (LFS). The following features of the surveys are considered: sampling frame, sample design, size of samples, method of estimation, estimation of sampling errors, non-response rates, survey costs, and design effects. The transition countries already had a tradition of some experience with the HBS, although a redesign was needed in each country. The LFS is a completely new type of survey and has been introduced in different transition countries only in the last decade, in some cases with technical assistance from abroad. Section A concludes with recommendations for improving the household sample surveys in transition countries, taking into account 2000 censuses of population and housing. Section B presents case studies of the following countries: Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Slovenia. The descriptions outline the main features of the HBS, the LFS and other household surveys in each country.