This paper seeks to measure and explain changes in incomes, inequality, and poverty
in Kenya. It starts from a very long-term perspective covering the last century, but then focuses
on a more detailed analysis of the recent period for which data from household surveys are
available. We seek to provide consistent estimates of what has happened to national income,
inequality and poverty over time, and to explain why they evolved in the way they did. We relate
changes in inequality and poverty to changes in factor endowments and changes in economic
and employment structures. We also provide some policy conclusions.