The paper engages in the debate on the effects of women’s political representation. It has a threefold objective: (1) to analyze whether the gender of politicians matters for the educational attainments of people living in the Indian districts where these politicians were elected; (2) to test whether politicians are more sensitive to the needs of people of the same gender; (3) to explore possible channels by which these relationships work. By employing instrumental variable regressions on a dataset obtained by merging individual data with district-level political variables, we conclude that a 10% increase in women’s political representation at district level can cause a 5.9% increase in people’s probability to complete primary school. In a further analysis, we find a striking difference in the results by gender: women’s political agency affects significantly more girls’ than boys’ education. Finally, none of the examined channels, related to school infrastructures and the coverage of the Mid-Day Meal scheme, help explaining the above relationship. This is also due to poor quality data. In conclusion, these findings provide a further evidence of the benefits of women’s political representation, which should be taken into consideration in the current discussion about the Women’s Reservation Bill in India.