The Rwandan government has recently adopted new agricultural and land policies that strive to increase productivity in the agricultural sector though land consolidation and concentration, and through the promotion of regional crop specialisation and monocropping. This paper, however, identifi es the strong inverse relationship between farm size and land productivity under the current land management system; also when taking into account farm fragmentation, crop diversifi ation, frequency of multicropping and household size. In addition, it concludes that increased farm fragmentation, higher frequency of multicropping, and more crop diversifi cation do not necessarily have a signifi cant negative impact upon productivity, on the contrary. The paper refl ects upon the implications of Rwanda’s agrarian and land policies.