Abstract |
Sociological and census definitions of "urban" often differ. The Indian census of 1971 defines a place as urban if it is administered by a municipal corporation or council or if it meets the following criteria: 1) a minimum population of 5000, 2) a population density of at least 400/square km, 3) 75% of employed men work outside of agriculture, and 4) a few pronounced characteristics and amenities. This census definition uses only physical attributes while sociological definitions often also include social and behavioral patterns. Geographers prefer to use size and density to determine what is urban. The Indian census pinpointed 9 basic amenities, essential for an urban classification, which are possible only with a certain population size. The author suggests a classification based on size, density, fuctional status, administrative status, amenities, services, and facilities as measured by multivariate or factor analysis. With increasing levels of socioeconomic development in India, and as villages get access to amenities such as filtered water and electricity, almost all of India may be classified as urban. Planners and administators could justifiably consider this a great success. |