Despite the fact that Thailand produces more than enough food to meet domestic needs and is a major food exporter, abundant food supplies do not automatically translate into food for the poorer groups of Thai society. This research uses data from the 2006 Household Socioeconomic survey of Thailand to study how the probability of a household being food-poor is affected by social, economic and demographic characteristics. The probit regression results show that certain household socioeconomic characteristics including income, household size, gender, and education significantly impact the ability of the household to access food. The study provides important guidance for government efforts to target households most at risk of being food-insecure and recommends that certain policies should be improved to reduce the future probability of households living in food poverty.