The study investigates relationship between monetary poverty and demographic and socio-economic characteristics of farmers’ households in Poland. The empirical analyses are based on the Household Budget Survey carried out by the Central Statistical Office. In order to indicate the group of high risk of poverty binary choice models are applied. Unlike simple arrangements presented in tables these methods allow estimate of “pure” effects of household attributes. The analysis of determinants of poverty provides meaningful insight into the relevance of various policies, such as the feasibility of using targeting devices.