Water as a resource is vital for both social and economic development. Notwithstanding these roles, the water resources availability of the Black Volta basin which is in a semi-arid region is threatened by climate change and high population growth rate. These challenges increase the competition for the limited water resources which could result in conflicts. This study therefore seeks to draw a framework for conflict prevention, conflict resolution and management within the Black Volta Basin. Data was obtained through focus group discussions, key informant interviews and questionnaire administration. From the study, it was revealed that the potential parties of conflict were mainly farmers and livestock owners. These conflicts were resolved mostly by the traditional authorities in consultation with the community. It was observed that traditional management system was one of the unique strengths of community level water resource management in the study areas. This suggests that the mobilization of local institutions and experiences is a key strategy in local level water resource management. From the findings, the communities have adopted series of interventions that are geared towards cooperation and consequently to curb conflicts in the use of water resources. Among such interventions are the use of the priority of water use doctrine, water allocation principle, introduction of coping physical strategies and the principle of negotiation.