This study describes the household structure of Junior High School pupils in Manhyia sub-metro of Kumasi and their academic performance. The objectives were to establish the relationships between household size, sex of household head, economic background of household head, the level of education of household head and academic performance of pupils.The study was a cross-sectional descriptive study of 100 J.H.S. students in Manhyia Submetro of Kumasi between the ages of 12 – 15 years who were sampled by using multistage sampling technique. The sample consisted of only level two J.H.S. students in order to maintain consistency. Chi-square test of independence was used in testing the research hypothesis to determine relationships between the independent variables (Household characteristics) and the dependent variable (academic performance). The results of the study indicated that, there was no significant relationship between sex of household head, economic background of pupils, household size and the level of education of household head as independent variables and academic performance of pupils (p = 0.06, 0.89, 0.75, 0.71 respectively). The findings of this study provided evidence that household size and the other household characteristics indicated no significant impacts on academic performance of pupils. The study recommends that further studies be carried out to include other household factors.