The primary research objective was to assess demographic differentials in places at different stages of urban development in Thailand in 1970. In other words, the analysis attempts to determine the relationship between socioeconomic circumstances and demographic behavior and events by identifying the specific similarities and differences among the study areas--cities, towns, small towns, sanitary districts, and villages in Thailand. The primary data source was the 1970 Population and Housing Census of Thailand. A 2% sample tape of the census provided by the National Statistical Office was used. The analysis involved comparing marriage, fertility, mortality, and migration behavior and events of populations belonging to different socioeconomic strata in 5 categories of residence along the urban rural continuum. It was hypothesized that more modern demographic behavior and events characterize more urbanized places; and persons with high socioeconomic status tend to exhibit demographic modernization. The research hypotheses were generally supported by the data, but some exceptions were revealed. Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and structure, including age, sex structure, marital status, literacy, educational attainment, occupation, and living conditions were found to vary consistently along the urban rural continuums of residence. Cities were the most modernized and rural areas the least. Urbanization was associated with postponement of marriage, low fertility, low child mortality, and a high prevalence of in-migration. Higher or better social and economic statuses were characterized by more modern demographic behavior. The following were among the major findings: persons residing in more urbanized places tended to marry later (approximately 3-4 years) and more remained single at older ages than those in both rural and less urbanized places; persons with higher socioeconomic status married about 1-4 years later than low status individuals; the fertility of women in more urbanized places was generally below that of women in less urbanized areas, reflecting both the influence of residence in lowering fertility and the high concentration of high socioeconomic status populations in urban places; women in high socioeconomic statuses who possessed better education, occupational position, and living conditions tended to have fewer children than those in lower strata; child mortality was found to be very high in less urbanized areas, but cities had higher child mortality rates than large towns; and children of persons in higher socioeconomic statuses generally had higher chances for survival than did children in lower socioeconomic statuses.