Rural development has in recent years become an important topic on the policy agenda of many countries. Its importance has mainly come from its substantive meaning i.e. sustained improvement in the well-being of people living in less developed areas. Although, historically rural development and rural areas were intrinsically associated with non-urbanization and agriculture, this is not sufficient to describe today’s complex reality. From this need, researchers and international organizations such as the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and European Union (EU) have developed several typologies and different rural indicators in order to better understand the dynamics of rural areas and to develop relevant policies for rural areas. Against this background, the aim of this study is to describe the rural structure of Turkey on the basis of various rural indicators. The data and information used for evaluation of rurality are based mainly on the Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT) data. Factor analysis, one of the well-known multidimensional techniques is deployed to evaluate rural structure of Turkey while using geographical information system (GIS) based software ArcGIS to map out Turkey’s rurality based on the results of factor analysis. In addition, rurality of Turkey is also mapped out by the application of OECD and EU methodologies. The results of the study shows that Turkey is dominantly rural in traditional meaning of rural and also from the perspectives of OECD and EU, while Turkey can not be longer rural on the basis of new definition of rural if it does not use its rural potential as a key feature of its national development. Related to the results, Turkey should drive its national strategies more on rural areas and rural development in terms of finding ways to decrease remoteness of provinces to infrastructure by pushing its population being entrepreneurial, innovative and participant into the national development process.