The study assessed environmental hazards and access to injury care as safety-compromising factors for children at 20 primary schools. The sampling methods were purposive and convenient. A questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data. The study population comprised of 20 primary schools located in Kawempe, a densely populated suburb of 268 659 people, and 200 primary schools. Respondents were head teachers at each school. Results were validated through secondary site visits to each school by the first author. The study found that the majority of children walk to schools, 90% of which are located within 100 meters of a main road. School perimeters were enclosed with open barbed wire (7), sharp and open hedges (5), broken walls (6), and wooden poles with barbed wire (2). Half the schools had injurious objects on the school premises. These and other findings indicated that children in Kawempe primary schools are at risk for traffic-related injuries, burns, falls, lacerations and drownings. By way of conclusion we call for an effective school-based injury prevention programme that addresses safety policies, procedures, planning, practice, staff development and curriculum.