This study was carried out in Bulamogi County with the specific objective of documenting existing traditional knowledge (TK) related to plant exploitation. Formal and semi-structured interviews were used to gather the data. Interviews were supplemented with direct observations and transect walks in the plant collection areas. Results of the study confirmed the widely held view that rural communities hold extensive TK important to their survival. In this study, community members held knowledge relevant for the exploitation of 315 plant species, to satisfy subsistence needs. In addition, the community was knowledgeable about the biology and ecology of the useful species. It was also found out that traditional spiritual beliefs were contributing to the conservation of plant species diversity. The TK is disappearing because the principal custodians of this knowledge, the aged are dying with their knowledge. Secondly, the domination of the traditional knowledge systems by Western cultural values is another factor for this loss. Two other factors are also seen to contribute to the loss of TK; i.e. scarcity of traditional plant species and changes in consumption patterns away from for instance traditional food plants to introduced crops. These two factors either singly or jointly result in a loss of experience and consequent loss of associated TK necessary for exploring relevant plant species.