In this paper the present study reveals the districtwise growth of population in Maharashtra State during 1991-2011. Maharashtra is the third largest State regarding the geographical area and second largest State in respect of population in India. It has studied on the basis census of India reports of 1991 and 2011. The secondary data have been collected and computed by recent research techniques and the results have been brought through tables and maps. About 42.04 per cent (4.10 Crores) of the State population resides in the urban areas as against 27.08 per cent (28.53 Crores) for all India. The total population of the Maharashtra stands second with its 35 district in the terms of Population in India. Growth rate of population in Maharashtra is 16.01 per cent where country's population growth rate is 17.64 per cent during the 2011. Thane district is the biggest population of 1, 10, 54,131 and constitutes about 9.84 per cent of total population of the State. The highest growth rate of Thane district is 54.86 per cent in 1991-2001and 35.97 per cent in 2001-2011 and followed by Pune, Aurangabad and Nandurbar 30.49 % 26.54% and 25.74 % respectively. The lowest growth rate comes from the Mumbai city, Ratanagiri and Shidhudurg district as it is negative i.e. -5.75%, -4.94% and -1.49% respectively. The results have been discussed with the help of population growth rate refers to the change in population growth rate over a unit time period, often expressed as a percentage of the number of individuals in the population, at the beginning of that period. Introduction India is the most populous countries in the world. Our country covers only 2.4 per cent of the land area of the world, whereas it is the home of more than 16.87 per cent of the world's population. This is the second largest followed by China i.e. 21.03 per cent. India's total population is about 3.6 times that of Brazil, 7 times that of Russian Federation, 33 times that of Canada and 55 times that of Australia. About three-fourths of our total population is living in rural areas, indicating we are basically depending on agriculture and other activities. India's population will be doubles in a period of just 40 years. Cities and towns have registered a much higher growth-rate than that of the village. This is due to large scale migration of people from villages to towns and cities in search of opportunities of employment and better amenities of life. The population of Maharashtra is constantly changing. To determine changes in population, the Government of Maharashtra State of the Census gathers data on counts of people, that distribution and their characteristics. Population size and its distribution of geographical units are among the most important elements in the study of population. These elements are closely associated with the potential for population growth and decline, the economic situation, he age profile and other population characteristics. Information on population size and distribution is vital if programs relating to agriculture, health, education, transportation, housing, urban renewal, law enforcement and waste disposal are to be administered equitably. Changes of growth rate in the size of area's population are primarily the result of three processes (1) people are born, causing an increase in population (2) people die causing a loss in numbers and (3) people migrate, resulting in a decrease or increase in population, depending on the direction of their movement. When more births than deaths occur in a given area, the phenomenon is referred to as natural increase, while natural decrease occurs when there are more deaths than births. Further, a gain from migration occurs when more people move into an area than move out during a given period. Thus, changes in the size of an area's population involve two components, natural increase or decrease and net migration. The population of the Maharashtra State continues to increase of Konkan, Mumbai, Ratanagiri district decline of the growth rate during the last decade. The population of Maharashtra as per 2001 census, stood at 9.67 crores. It is second ranked among all States and Union Territories in the country. The decadal growth of population in this State has come down from 25.7 during 1981-1991 to 23.37 in 1991-2001 and 16.01 in 2001-2011.