This chapter demonstrates the use of remote sensing and spatially referenced population data to estimate and model urban sprawl, growth and urban structures. Using spatial analytical tools within a GIS, the typology of urban growth and Dhaka’s spatial structure from 2000 to 2011was quantified. The results revealed a 33 % expansion of urban areas during the study period. Analysis of urban growth types showed that the extension growth type being the dominant followed by leapfrogging development. The amount of low-density development is increasing with time, indicating sprawling development. Investigation of changes in the population per unit area of built-up surface indicated that overcrowding and lack of space in the urban core are compelling people to settle in peripheral areas, thereby exerting tremendous pressure on a limited resource base.