It has been documented that the fertility transition is clearly underway in South Africa, particularly in Zimbabwe, Botswana, and the Republic of South Africa. However, very little has been written about fertility in Lesotho. This paper is an attempt to fill this gap. The 1986 Lesotho population census suggests that total fertility rate (TFR) was >5 births per woman. However, the census estimated a TFR of 4.1. This shows that fertility is declining in this country, and that Basotho women have the lowest fertility level in sub-Saharan Africa. The proximity determinants of fertility in Lesotho are categorized into three. The first category comprises those determinants, which have small effect on fertility, which includes induced abortion and sterility. Category two includes those determinants which have a substantial effect on reducing fertility below its natural maximum but they have not changed much over time in Lesotho. These are breast-feeding and marriage. The third category includes those determinants, which change over time and contribute substantially in the recent declining trend in observed fertility. Use of contraception and spouse separation form the third category. The paper argues that further fertility decline in Lesotho will depend on the expansion of the intake of family planning supplies. This will necessitate a strong government commitment to the family planning program in order to realize the government's target of reducing TFR of Basotho women to 2.1 by the year 2011. - See more at: http://www.popline.org/node/526941#sthash.5hZaxBWR.dpuf