The following paper first describes China’s rural development policies since the
1950s. Then it analyzes some of the rural development problems the country is
facing today, and what China is doing to cope with them. While these measures
might certainly further improve the living conditions of millions of farmers, the
question remains (and is discussed in a separate section) whether these development
measures are sustainable – particularly in relation to the environment. Finally,
suggestions and recommendations are formulated that could enhance both
the effectiveness and sustainability of China’s rural development policy. They
could serve as guidelines for EU-China cooperation in that field.