Objectives. To determine prevalence and prevalence ratio of functional limitation amongst older people
with combined chronic diseases and co-morbid depressive symptoms compared with older people with
either chronic disease or depressive symptoms alone.
Methods. Data were analysed from a cross-sectional study of 765 people aged 60 years and over,
conducted from 2007 to 2008 in Malaysia. Chronic diseases were self-reported, depressive symptoms were
measured using the Geriatric Depression Scale and functional limitation was assessed using the Tinetti
Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment Tool.
Results. A higher proportion of older people with combined chronic diseases and depressive symptoms
reported having functional limitation (44.7%) compared with older people with chronic diseases alone
(12.5%) and depressive symptoms alone (18.1%). Adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics, cognitive
status and living arrangements, chronic diseases were associated with functional limitation (PR 2.21, 95% CI
1.31, 3.72). Depressive symptoms were also associated with functional limitation (PR 2.07, 95% CI 1.56, 2.76).
The prevalence ratio for functional limitation was much greater for combined chronic diseases and depressive
symptoms (PR 4.09, 95% CI 2.23, 7.51).
Conclusions. Older people with combined chronic diseases and depressive symptoms are more likely to
have functional limitation than those with chronic disease or depressive symptoms alone.