In this study, I examine the antecedents and consequences of competition. The first essay, in the dissertation, builds upon the Resource Based View and cognitive approach to competition with the motivation of understanding the antecedents of competition. This essay proposes two firm-specific, theoretical-based dimensions: organizational capability and organizational experience and hypothesizes that these two vital firm-specific dimensions will influence a firm’s view of competition. The research on the antecedents of competition in the first essay is extended to the consequences of competition in the second essay. Building on the concepts developed in the first essay, I propose a conceptual model of competition, collaboration and innovation and explore the interactive effect of competition and collaboration and innovation performance. My study contributes to competitor identification and bridges the literature on cognitive competitive mapping and the Resource-Based view, and also contributes to the consequences of competition by unraveling the interactive effect of competition, collaboration on innovation.