In the Philippines the most recent population and housing census was conducted on May 6, 1970. The census enumerated 36,684,486 persons. 2 basic schedules were designed: the ordinary household schedule and the sample household schedule. A series of pretests was conducted, and the schedules were finalized on the basis of these findings. Other questionnaires and forms for use in enumerating special areas were also prepared. A full-scale census test was undertaken on February 15, 1969. Selected as pilot test areas were 3 municipalities in 3 provinces of the islands of Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. The census covered all persons in the country, although items on labor force and fertility were obtained for only 5% of the households. Maps for the 1970 census were contained in 1969 map sheets. The sheets showed the poltical boundaries of 60 cities, 1423 municipalities, 21 municipal districts, and 38,522 enumeration districts. 5 levels of personnel were trained -- chief trainers, task force, provincial census of Population and Housing were machine processed almost totally by a computer. Schedules that passed through the manual edits were transcribed onto punched cards and were mechanically verified in preparation for computer processing. The following terms are defined: economic activity, labor force, and employment; urban/rural; residence; population counts, ethnicity/race; age; marital status; school attendance; highest grade completed; literacy; dwelling unit; and household; publications and tables are listed.