In 1991–1992, a study was carried out in Kolda in Senegal of the structure, functions and influence of two traditional women's organisations, the Dimba and the Laobe. The main aim was to formulate community-based strategies for information and education for women on STD/HIV prevention. The Dimba are a support group for women and responsible for matters relating to pregnancy and childbirth, fertility, sexually transmitted diseases, and the health of mothers and children in the community. This paper is about the role and activities of the Dimba in addressing the high burden of maternal and reproductive health problems in Kolda, especially infertility and STDs.