Livelihood is a broad and wide ranging concept that considers the complex, multi-dimensional relationships between social and physical environments, and highlights the vulnerability context in which decisions about livelihood strategies occur. Exploration and elicitation of livelihood systems involves extensive contextual characterisation, comprised of endowments, ambient conditions and trends; livelihood-related resources; institutional processes; organizational structures; livelihood strategies; and livelihood outcomes (DFID 1999; Larson 2010). This discussion in this Chapter will rely on those indicators from the livelihoods strategies and outcomes framework that are salient for the assessment of envisaged future scenarios in the Greater Mekong Sub-region.