Nigeria’s last census was in 2006. If the decennial rule is followed, the country is barely three years away
from another headcount. In this paper, we examine the technical and political aspects of that census in order
to derive lessons for subsequent censuses. The focus is not on the census results but rather on the processes
leading up to and including the actual enumeration. We describe the connections between population size,
revenue allocation and political representation as a means of understanding the social and political dynamics
that could undermine the execution of a technically adequate census. These connections are examined
through reference to logistic, recruitment and enumeration procedures of the 2006 Nigerian Census. We
argue that, like most post-independence Censuses before it, there were motivation and opportunities for
manipulating the Census figures. These parameters have not changed.