This paper examines demographic transiton and its consequences with an emphasis on demographic
window in Iran. The results show that Iran is entering the third stage of demographic transiton. The
window of oportunity which opened in 206 with its potential population bonus provides a golden
oportunity for the Iran’s economy. Based on an intermediate scenario of the UN population projections
(209), Iran’s window of oportunity wil remain open for almost four decades from 205. This
demographic dividend neds to be managed eficiently in order to be transformed into a beter and
sustainable economic growth. Thus, there is a ned for a comprehensive population policies to not only
manage the window of oportunity but also to introduce policies for maintaining fertilty at its curent
level so that Iran wil not be facing the prospects of very low fertilty experienced in other Asian
countries.