Over the last half-century Indonesia has been concerned about excessive population growth. To reduce the levels of fertility the government in 1968 established a national family planning program. In the following three decades fertility levels fell from over five to under three children per woman. In the past decade questions have arisen about the validity and reliability of fertility estimates. Increasingly Indonesia's Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) have reported higher fertility than is recorded in the censuses and other large social sample surveys. In 2007 the discrepancy reached more than half a child on average. This paper reveals one of the major causes of the discrepancy and shows ways to adjust the DHS results to gain more reliable measures. At present Indonesian national fertility is very close to the policy target of replacement levels by the year 2010.