Pentecostal and Charismatic Christianity has become an increasingly noticeable phenomenon in Ethiopia, which coincides with the significant rise of Protestantism in the past two decades. In contrast to the ubiquity of this new religious factor and the public debates it inspires, the movement has hardly been addressed in Ethiopian Studies. This contribution seeks to provide a concise historical introduction to the origins of Ethiopian Pentecostalism, its development under the governments of ?aylä-S?llase, the Därg, and the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), as well as its impact on the Ethiopian religious composition today. The argument will be made that Ethiopian Pentecostalism should not be seen as simply another instance of the “missionary factor”, but that it needs to be understood first and foremost as an Ethiopian movement, answering to the country’s political and cultural dynamics in the last decades, signifying as well as amplifying Ethiopia’s inherent religious plurality.