As a member of the Soviet Union, the Republic of Kazakhstan adopted a national policy encouraging mothers to use artificial foods in lieu of breastfeeding to enable mothers to return to the workforce soon after giving birth. This practice of lactation management, used in Kazakhstan and in other republics of the former USSR, separated newborn infants from their mothers in maternity wards, first placed infants on their mothers’ breasts late after delivery and advocated feeding on a fixed schedule. Additionally, the program promoted supplementary feedings of a boiled water and glucose formula during the first days of infancy and advocated substantial supplementary feeding in the first or second months after delivery. As a result, many women lost the benefits of breastfeeding as a means of natural pregnancy prevention. In 1997, the government reformulated its policy on breastfeeding, reversing the former norms and once again encouraging mothers to breastfeed their children under a “national program on protecting, promoting, and supporting breastfeeding.” In order to expand the benefits of breastfeeding as a birth spacing option for women in the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kazakh Academy of Nutrition at the Academy of Preventive Medicine in Almaty conducted an operations research study to test the effectiveness of Lactation Amenorrhea Method (LAM) promotion among women in Kazakhstan, as part of the Population Council’s Frontiers in Reproductive Health Small Grants Program. In the Promotion of Lactation Amenorrhea Method Intervention Trial (PLAMIT), researchers trained maternity ward staff in four hospitals to provide patient counseling on the benefits of LAM as a family planning method, while five comparison hospitals received no additional support. After the intervention, they observed the breastfeeding habits of 3,969 women and 4,003 children in all nine hospitals, and conducted a total of eight interviews over 12 months with each mother. Reproductive and child health outcomes were compared according to the status of the hospital as intervention or control, and Baby-Friendly (those that are certified according to UNICEF standards) or ordinary (not Baby-Friendly). This report presents only results related to family planning.