Today culture of the small groups of indigenous peoples living in the North of Krasnoyarsk region goes through many transformations connected with globalization. Ethno-cultural groups of the northern peoples gradually lose their unicity and identity; their languages and traditional religion die. Active acculturation processes proceed. The Government of the Russian Federation and the administration of RF subject, the united Krasnoyarsk region, develop legal mechanisms connected with protection of traditional management of nature and unique culture of the northern ethnic groups. Cultural anthropology has vast instrumental, methodical, and methodological potentials for the study of culture of the peoples living in the North of Krasnoyarsk region. Evolutionism, diffusionism, structural functionalism, and structural anthropology could be applied to the study of that culture. Now Russian science has an active discussion concerning the social-demographic and cultural future of the small groups of indigenous peoples living in the North of Krasnoyarsk region. On the one hand, the researchers fix many socio-economic and socio-cultural problems connected with unemployment, low income, and specific diseases; on the other hand, cultural existence of the northern ethnic groups is impossible without original habitat and traditional ways of management of nature connected with reindeer-breeding, fishery, hunting, and herborization. The system model of reproduction of complex social systems (ethnocultural groups of the indigenous peoples living in the North and Siberia) can be formed through methodology of contemporary cultural anthropology oriented to applied research (including ethnographic field studies) and theoretical generalization of the empirically obtained data.