Sexual and reproductive behavior, and outcomes of that behavior, are treated in this article in the framework of sexual and reproductive health. The focus is on teenagers. European trends in sexual behavior and in fertility/births from the 1980s to the late 1990s are presented. The transition in sexual initiation started first in the Nordic countries, then in many Western European and Central European countries and finally, one generation later, in Southern and Eastern Europe. The age of women at first sexual intercourse decreased several years almost everywhere in Europe. Due to improvements in sex education and in the use of contraceptives, teenage birth rates have been declining, at the same time, around Europe. There is a serious need for sexual health prevention campaigns and related services in Europe. Work for improvement of sexual and reproductive health and rights can be successful only in a society where there is openness and social tolerance on sexual issues.