Although malaria is declining in many countries in Africa, malaria and anaemia remain frequent in children. This study was
conducted to assess the relationship between malaria parasitaemia, intestinal worms, and anaemia, in children <5 years living in
low transmission area in Senegal. A survey was carried out in 30 villages in the central part of Senegal. A two-level random cluster
sampling technique was used to select study participant. Children <5 years were enrolled after informed consent. For each child,
blood thick and smear tests were performed, haemoglobin concentration was measured with HemoCue, and stool samples were
collected and examined using the Ritchie technique. A total of 736 children were recruited. Malaria parasite prevalence was 1.5%
(0.7–2.6); anaemia was found in 53.4% (48.2–58.9), while intestinal parasites and stunting represented 26.2% (22.6–30.2) and 22%
(18.6–25.5), respectively. In a logistic regression analysis, anaemia was significantly associated with malaria parasitaemia (aOR=
6.3 (1.5–53.5)) and stunting (aOR = 2 (1.2–3.1)); no association was found between intestinal parasites and anaemia. Malaria and
anaemia remain closely associated even when malaria is declining. Scaling up antimalarial interventions may contribute to eliminate
malaria and reduce the occurrence of anaemia among children