Development can be described as the outcome of action stemming from a dynamic and integrated relationship between individuals (combined to form households), firms (combined
to form industries) and government, all working in a cohesive and mutually beneficial manner. The efficiency and effectiveness of each component is interdependent. If the capacity of any component is eroded by HIV and AIDS, it affects the capacity of the “group relationship” as a whole. When individuals therefore are infected by HIV and AIDS, all components of the relationship suffer.
Since 1991, Malawi has ranked amongst the bottom 20 countries worldwide on the Human Development Index; the result of poverty compounded and exacerbated by HIV and AIDS.
Still, the nation’s HIV prevalence rate has stabilized at close to 14% - signifying a degree of progress in meeting the sixth Millennium Development Goal of combating HIV and AIDS, Malaria, Tuberculosis and other major diseases. The targeted goal to halt and reverse the HIV and AIDS rising trend has been partially achieved during the past five years. In 1999 the rate was measured at 14.67%, but by 2003 had dropped to 14.41%.
Emphasis now should focus on accelerating the rate of decline so that by 2015, targets are met and HIV is controlled. More encouraging is Malawi’s progress when compared regionally. In southern Africa, nations have on average, a HIV and AIDS prevalence of 20% - 30%. Thus while Malawi’s success to date is marginal, there remains reason for optimism. For example, the infection level amongst young women (15 - 24 years) attending antenatal clinics (ANC) in Lilongwe has declined from 26% in 1996 to 16% in 2003. And for all ANC attendees in Lilongwe, the infection has reduced from 26% in 1998 to 17% in 2003. The Central region has also consistently registered the lowest rates, although the prevalence in Blantyre, Mzuzu and several semi-urban areas still remain high, between 20% - 35%.