Although rural land titling and registration programs have been widely proposed as a fundamental policy instrument for many Latin American countries, empirical evidence supporting its role as an important development tool for improving the livelihoods of poor farmers is so far largely inconclusive. This paper draws on the experience of evaluating the national Titling and Registration Program in Peru (PETT), to present new evidence on the potential impact of this type of programs, complementary policies that might be needed to enhance its effects, and some actions required to improve the process of monitoring and evaluation in the future.