Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) was the last major world region to experience the fertility decline that all industrialized
countries have gone through and that much of the developing world has experienced in large part. It has uniquely
high fertility: at present, the United Nations estimates the total fertility rate at 5.1 for SSA, compared to 2.2 for both
Asia and Latin America and the Caribbean. The ongoing fertility transition in the region has been comparatively slow
and subject to stalling. At the same time, women’s educational attainment and infant and child mortality have been
shown in the demography literature to be important determinants of fertility and fertility decline. Since the 1980s,
fertility in sub-Saharan Africa has been falling in many countries while women’s school enrollment and educational
attainment have been increasing and infant and child mortality for the most part has been declining. Previous research
using aggregated data has shown the importance of growth in women’s schooling and reduction in infant and child
mortality as major factors contributing to fertility decline in the region. This research uses individual-level micro data
and a well-known decomposition technique for analyzing differences or changes to quantify the importance of
increased women’s education and declining infant and child mortality in contributing to the observed declines in
fertility in numerous countries. More specifically, this paper examines the quantitative impact of these two factors in
sub-Saharan Africa in contributing to the ongoing decline in fertility that has been taking place in the region. Data
come from 31 countries, and are from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). The methodology is to decompose
observed changes in fertility to changes attributable to different factors, including the two key variables of interest –
women’s education and infant and child mortality – and two control variables, urbanization and age.